Importance Of Energy Conservation Planning Construction Essay

Importance Of Energy Conservation Planning Construction Essay Background of the Problem In recent years, the number of buildings constructed using energy-saving designs hasincreased due to the increasing awareness of the benefits of energy conservation, both economic and environment. The recent rapid advances in computer technology have facilitated the development of energy-saving building designs by allowing detailed simulations, involving the incorporation of many energy-saving building techniques and features, to be conducted in the design stage. These techniques have been widely studied in terms of their design potential, however, there are very few studies concerning the actual post-construction performance of the design features and whether the overall building design does in fact provide significant energy savings. Energy conservation has been the utmost importance focus of agencies. It is the goal of this plan to reduce energy consumption to a minimum of 5-7% in all the borough facilities. The general approach presented in this draft depends on the cooperation and active participation of borough staff in the creation and implementation of a conservation strategy for two reasons: 1) staff have the knowledge and experience with specific facilities/operations to propose effective solutions and 2) staff support is essential for successful implementation. The plan would require a close working relationship and cooperation of borough staff. Time and resource demands on staff should be kept to a minimum and should not interfere with normal duties. Conservation plan should include an initial education component to inform staff of the existing energy use and trends for each facility and to describe the conservation plan and goals. Staff will be asked to help identify conservation strategies that can achieve that goal without unduly impairing existing operations and efficiencies. One or more meetings will be necessary to discuss staff ideas and agree on one or more conservation strategies. The coordinator and/or commission may be able to help implement strategies. Finally, energy usage should be documented to provide regular feedback to staff of each facility to judge success and allow adjustments. Energy conservation is considered a worthwhile goal because it conserves natural resources. The examples of CSDOC and Hyperion suggest that reductions in energy use can also lead to increased ability to comply with air emissions regulations. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas which is released by all wastewater treatment and bio-solids management processes. Converting bio-solids to fuel achieves. Substantial benefit from the wastes before carbon dioxide is ultimately released. In addition, non-renewable energy sources are replaced by renewable energy from wastewater. Goals of the Plan The initial aim of this plan is to have 1% savings in energy consumption in all of the office buildings (until such time when these buildings can conduct an energy conservation feasibility study to indicate more precise benchmarks/metrics). To support energy efficiencies at this location, energy conservation groups have partnered with the owners of these buildings. To this end, the owners shall adapt the goal of a 1% savings in energy until such time as an energy conservation feasibility study can be completed. In the meantime, energy conservation groups will conduct periodic utility awareness sessions with staff. As a minimum, these sessions will encourage the following actions, when practical: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Turn off lights when leaving the office, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Turn off outside lights during the day, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Turn off computers/monitors and office equipment at the end of the day, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Have TBPC set thermostats at 75-76 degrees in warm weather and 68-69 degrees in cool weather, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Keep blinds/curtains closed during hot summer days and open on sunny winter days, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ensure heating and air conditioning vents are not blocked, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ensure water faucets are completely closed, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Report water leaks immediately, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Use standby function on copiers, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Recycle paper. These sessions shall run for the first quarter of the year. At the end of each fiscal quarter, the Agency Energy Conservation Manager will coordinate with the representatives of each organization to compile and review the utility rates and costs for the buildings fair share portion of the said area for the previous quarter. The Agency Energy Conservation Manager will review the usage and expenditures incurred to determine if they vary abnormally. If so, a review will be conducted immediately to determine the cause. Another goal of this plan is to have a 2% increase in average fuel mileage for the fleet of three agency vehicles. The agencys goal for reducing vehicle fuel costs will be centered on miles per gallon (MPG) efficiency. In MPG Efficiency, our goal is to increase the fleet average mpg efficiency by 2% over the FY 2005 average of 6.25. This will be accomplished by emphasizing the agency vehicle preventive maintenance program and by increasing awareness of fuel efficient driving habits. To increase driver awareness of fuel efficient driving habits, each vehicle will have a copy of the fuel efficiency goals which include the following common sense guidelines: do not leave vehicle idling while stopped, no rapid acceleration from a standstill, maintain adequate tire pressures at all times, maintain engine tune-up and filter replacement recommended by manufacturer, make sure that transmission overdrive is working properly, Drive at 10% below the posted speed limit on major thoroughfares. Further, the energy conservation group will encourage staff to consolidate trips, when practical, to reduce overall fleet mileage by scheduling routine pickups/deliveries well in advance. Evaluation Evaluating a facility for energy efficiencies and adopting an energy conservation plan often result in increased treatment efficiency, along with the potential for increased treatment capacity, an increased ability to meet effluent limitations, reduced OM requirements, and reduced energy costs. The main requirement on the part of the tenants of these buildings is a commitment to spend the initial time needed to evaluate the system, to follow through with the development of an energy conservation plan, and to implement the plans recommendations. A number of U.S. facilities, including the Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission (WSSC) and the East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD) in the San Francisco Bay area, have developed and implemented energy conservation and management plans (Taylor 2005, Cohn 2005). These plans typically have the goal of reducing energy costs by a specified percentage. The key components of an effective energy management plan are: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Creating a system to track energy usage and costs à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Performing energy audits of major operations à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Upgrading equipment, systems, and controls, including facility and collection system improvements to increase energy efficiency à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Developing a cost-effective electric supply purchasing strategy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Optimizing load profiles by shifting operations where possible à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Developing in-house energy management training for operators Action Items Action Steps Timeline Creating a system to track energy usage and costs Gaining an understanding of where the energy is being used. Month 1 Performing Energy Audits of Major Operation Periodic Checking of Energy allocation Month 1 Upgrade of Equipments, Facilities, etc. Installing high-efficiency influent and effluent pumps, high-efficiency motors, and variable-frequency drives Discontinuing second-stage activated-sludge mixing Months 2-4 Upgrade of Equipments, Facilities, etc. Adding plastic balls to prevent heat loss and evaporation losses in the oxygen production vaporizer pit Tying in pipes on gas recirculation blowers to allow one blower to service two mixing tanks Months 2-4 There is still significant energy-saving potential in the public sector. For example, energy consumption by municipalities and institutions varies widely. The Government is insisting on the need for public administration to be cost-effective so that public money is used prudently. As a major procurer of energy-efficient products and as a large building administrator, the public sector can help to develop and promote the markets for energy-efficient products and solutions, including through the procurement of energy services. A recent study shows that there are a number of barriers to energy savings in the municipal sector. These have to do with economic management and organisation, lack of knowledge, and behaviour, among other factors. The municipal reform can help to break down these barriers. The new requirements for energy labelling of buildings will include a requirement for regular labelling of all public buildings, regardless of size. The energy labels of public buildings must be accessible to the public. Energy consumption be must regularly published on the Internet so that it is possible to conduct benchmarking between institutions. At the same time, suppliers of energy-efficient equipment and providers of energy services will have access to up-to-date information on market opportunities, which in turn will support the realisation of the savings potential. Although significant efforts have been made in recent years to increase the use of energy-efficient appliances, electricity consumption for appliances, etc. is still increasing as a result of more devices and more equipment being used. There are still large potentials for energy savings, and there is a need to expand and develop the initiative with regards to apparatus categories and effective interventions. Most appliances have a relatively short lifetime. Significant savings can therefore be achieved quickly if energy-efficient appliances are chosen when old ones are replaced. Such appliances are usually not much more expensive, but can result in significant energy savings and hence economic gains. Well-functioning markets for energy savings and energy-efficient products require easy access to relevant information. Transparency is therefore a keyword in the future energy-conservation drive. Information on energy consumption and on possible savings must be readily accessible to citizens and enterprises. It is also essential that the information initiative is coordinated and that there is consistency between general and more targeted information and campaign activities. At the same time, as part of the on-going energy conservation effort, general information and behaviour modification must be provided on energy conservation, for instance through educational programs for schools, etc. Although the primary objective with price-sensitive electricity consumption is not to achieve electricity savings, it nevertheless contributes to supply security in the short term and to the evening out of peak loads in electricity consumption. An initiative for price-sensitive electricity consumption has aspects in common with an initiative for increased energy efficiency. Intelligent appliances that react to prices will also be more energy efficient. Advanced meters are necessary for price-sensitive electricity consumption, as well as for providing information on the composition of the electricity consumption with a view to energy efficiency. Energy efficiency and price-sensitive electricity consumption should therefore be more closely linked, with respect to both consultancy and to the technological design of meters and appliances. It is essential that the promotion of energy conservation be well-organised and that the funds available be used as efficiently as possible. The point of departure for organising future initiatives is the desire for balanced and yet effective action that pays back in the short term. The target is that enterprises and energy consumers experience that energy saving results in economic gains and a reasonable return on investment that would not otherwise be achieved. The Government considers it essential that the organisation of the energy conservation drive reflect the priorities set for energy saving. The organisation must support the market-oriented strategy and the initiatives described in the action plan. It is important that the funds made available result in the highest possible profitable savings. Conclusion Energy conservation and emission reduction is essential to suitable development and economic development in harmony with the environment. Building the government management mechanism of energy conservation and emission reduction has become an important task of government reforms. Study the retraining factors of energy conservation and emission reduction, and propose legal guarantees, management innovation, technology innovation, service system construction and upgrading of industrial structure are the critical factors to energy conservation and emission reduction management mechanisms performance. Then discuss the critical factors deeply. Improve the special legislation; department law linkage and strengthening law enforcement supervision are essential to providing legal guarantees for energy conservation and emission reduction; comprehensive evaluation system and strict control system are essential to management innovation; policy guide and comprehensive utilization is essential to technology innovation; positive policy guide for development of consultation industry is the main task of energy conservation and emission reduction service system construction; high and new technology industries, elimination of outdated production capacity and development of recycling economy are useful for upgrading of industrial structure. Construction and consummation of energy conservation and emission reduction relevant law could provide measures for government to solve the problem of energy dissipation and environment pollution. The construction and consummation of law related to energy conservation and emission reduction is system engineering. All of the work must be based on the present laws and regulations. Then refine these further. And the refining works must be in connection with the actual need and based on thorough investigation. If necessary, new laws and regulations could come into existence. The construction and consummation must follow in proper sequence, and then could provide a solid legal security foundation. Today, our government have more than twenty law related to environment and resources protection. For example, Law on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, Air Pollution Control Law, Law on the Pretension and Control of Noise Pollution, Law on the Pretension and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, Cleaner Production Promotion Law , Law of Environmental Impact Assessment and so on. But these laws and regulations couldnt meet the need of energy conservation and emission legal security. Although there is an energy conservation and emission reduction legal security framework, there arent special laws and regulations related relevant industry and special type of enterprises energy conservation and emission reduction control. And there arent effective legal means to closely restraint on enterprises disposal of pollutants and energy consumption. So, it is necessary to set some corresponding laws and regulations for special industry and enterprises in aspect of saving energy, recycling eco nomic and pollution prevention. For example, the British has many special laws and regulations, Alkali Act, Industry development Environment Act, Clean Air Amendment, Fume Emission Act, Environmental Protection Act, Water Act, and Water Industry Act and so on. Reinforce the supervision and control measures, then the energy conservation and emission reduction works could carry on effectively and orderly. Determine the responsibility of the establishment units according to the energy conservation and emission reduction plan and tasks. Strictly examine the achievement of there goals. And during the above process, the comprehensive utilizations of resources should be the focus. At last, its useful and essential to collect the suggestions of various establishment units. And optimize the energy conservation and emission reduction management system according to the suggestions and the feedback information of management systems control activities. So the innovation of energy conservation and emission reduction management system would go forward for ever.

Bharti Airtel in Africa Essay

The jury is still out on Africa. The cost of operations is still higher than expected, elasticity of demand could fail to kick in, and competition could intensify. But the business metrics are showing early signs of a turnaround. My gut feel is that we can make this work. — Sunil Mittal, Chairman, Bharti Airtel In February 2012, Sunil Mittal walked past the illuminated hoardings for Airtel’s mobile services plastered across the walls of Nairobi airport, and wondered if Bharti would be able to overtake MTN in Africa by replicating the high-volume, low-cost telecom business model that it had pioneered for the Indian masses. Founded in India in 1995, Bharti Airtel (Bharti) had rewritten the rules of the global telecommunication industry. The cellular operator had defied conventional Western telecom wisdom that emphasized high tariffs for wealthy customers, and had instead chosen to concentrate on India’s mass market, including the rural poor. In order to focus on acquiring customers, the company had made the bold decision to outsource large portions of its operations. By February 2012, Bharti had been India’s market leader for some time, with 183 million customers, and had pioneered a highvolume, low-cost telecom model with tariffs of less than one cent per minute, which had previously been considered unviable. By 2009, growth in India had begun to taper off, and Mittal began to look for new opportunities. Africa seemed to present just the right option. Its vast population of over a billion people with low per capita incomes mirrored India’s demographics. Africa’s real mobile penetration was 30% and growing rapidly, and high mobile tariffs in Africa, combined with low monthly  minutes of use per customer, indicated that there was room to grow the market not just by increasing mobile penetration, but also by intensifying usage.1 In June 2010, Bharti acquired the 15 African operations of Bahrain-based Zain Telecom, for $10.7 billion – the largest M&A deal in the global telecom industry for that year, and the largest ever cross-border deal in an emerging market. When they reached Africa, Bharti’s leaders discovered that employee morale at Zain was low, work cultures between the two continents differed vastly, and market share revenues and EBITDA were falling every month. Infrastructure was poor, hardware and software equipment was obsolete, access to equipment supplies was limited, skilled technicians were in short supply, and the cost of doing business was turning out to be much higher than Mittal and his team had anticipated. Bharti’s initial experiments with leveling tariffs and removing Zain’s 20% to 30% premiums in its ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Professor Krishna Palepu and Research Associate Tanya Bijlani from the India Research Center prepared this case. HBS cases are developed solely as the basis for class discussion. Cases are not intended to serve as endorsements, sources of primary data, or illustrations of effective or ineff ective management. Copyright  © 2012 President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, call 1-800-545-7685, write Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to www.hbsp.harvard.edu/educators. This publication may not be digitized, photocopied, or otherwise reproduced, posted, or transmitted, without the permission of Harvard Business School. This document is authorized for use only in International Business by Prof. R. Sugant at SDM Institute for Management and Development (SDMIMD) from September 2014 to November 2014. Francophone and Anglophone regions had not increased demand to the extent that they had expected; and it was unclear whether lowering prices would drive mobile usage in the hinterland of the continent. Despite the challenges, Bharti initiated multiple transformations in Africa, including outsourcing active and passive managed services (networks) for all of its 16 countries; outsourcing its IT and call centre support to BPO1 firms for the first time in Africa; revamping its distribution network; integrating its brand, and implementing a host of human resource-related initiatives to inculcate the company’s DNA in its new operations. Bharti’s executives felt that these measures had comprehensively changed the structure of the telecom industry in Africa. Africa was turning out to be far more complex than Mittal and his team had imagined. By February 2012, it had been over a year and a half since the acquisition, and Bharti was leading in revenue market share in 9 of 16 countries, including Zambia as well as some smaller markets like Malawi and Gabon. In Africa’s other larger markets, such as Nigeria, Ghana and Uganda, MTN, its chief competitor, continued to lead. (Exhibit 1: Bharti’s Position in Africa). In Nigeria, Africa’s largest market, MTN was improving the quality of its network, emphasizing advanced data offerings, rolling out mobile payments solutions, conceptualizing applications such as mobile healthcare, and holding onto its undisputed position as the market leader. If Bharti continued with its India plan in Africa, investing in rural networks and slashing tariffs, and demand failed to pick up, the company risked losing money. With a $12.9 billion unpaid loan (largely on account of an approximately $9-billion unpaid loan from the Zain acquisition) still lingering on Bharti’s balance sheet, Mittal wondered if that was something they could afford. The other option was to wait and watch, leave prices at market levels, and focus on urban and suburban areas, until it was clear that the money had trickled into the villages. As Mittal got into his car and drove towards Bharti’s Nairobi headquarters, he wondered what their strategy in Africa should be. Bharti in India The Early Days Mittal started manufacturing bicycle parts at the age of 18, with approximately $200 borrowed from his father, a Member of Parliament from the north Indian state of Punjab. He subsequently imported portable generators, and assembled push-button telephones in India. In 1992, soon after the Indian telecommunications market liberalized, Mittal secured a partnership with three other companies, including Compagnie Generale des Eaux, the precursor to Vivendi of France, to make a joint bid for the first round of cellular licensing in India. Mittal took a three-month sabbatical to prepare for the bid, and spent $220,000 on the presentation, which included aerial photography and satellite imagery2. The Government of India gave the consortium a license to build a cellular phone network in India’s capital, New Delhi, and Mittal’s newly-incorporated Bharti Cellular became the first company to launch mobile telephony services in New Delhi, in 1995, under the brand name of Airtel. The company sold equity interest to British Telecom and Warburg Pincus in order to raise the funds it needed to acquire licenses to operate in new geographies, and by 2003, Bharti had acquired mobile licenses for 15 out of India’s 23 circles. By 2004, Bharti was a pan-India operator with running operations in all circles. Like many Indian enterprises, Bharti contained elements of a family business. Bharti was Mittal’s middle name. Mittal was Chairman and Group Managing Director of the company, while his brother, Rajan Mittal, was Joint Managing Director, and a third brother, Rakesh Mittal, was on the board of directors. Akhil Gupta, a chartered accountant and a friend of the family was Chief Financial Officer, and later became Deputy Group CEO and Managing Director of Bharti Enterprises. The Minute Factory Model â€Å"In the early days, telecom was an industry where the complexity was daunting,† Gupta said. â€Å"We were committed to making it a very simple industry. So we equated ourselves with manufacturing. The only difference was that another factory could be manufacturing nuts and bolts, while we manufactured minutes.† Bharti learnt the business of telecom from their early European partners, British Telecom and Telecom Italia. Conventional wisdom then was that mobile telephony was meant for upper class customers who could pay premium prices. Operators preferred to keep tariffs high, thereby protecting Average Revenue per User (ARPU), considered one of the most important metrics in the business. High tariffs, they felt, discouraged users from talking too much, which in turn, minimized the need for network infrastructure, thereby reducing capital expenditure, and improving return on investment. But Mittal and his team felt that at an ARPU of Rs. 1000 (approximately $222) – then considered a minimum requirement for a telecom operator to be profitable – their customer base would be restricted to a small segment of wealthy customers in major cities and a few large towns, and decided to turn the model on its head. Gupta explained: The goal of a manufacturing organization is to maximize the number of units produced while maintaining margin per unit. Similarly, we decided that we would expand production of our principal output, minutes, keeping margins per minute more or less constant. As we scaled up, we would pass any cost savings we achieved onto the customer by lowering tariffs, which would increase demand further, and would allow us to go deeper into the market and  reach lower-income customers. This would result in a rapid increase in minutes and consequently, overall margin. Mittal and Gupta believed that how they utilized existing capacity, and how much revenue they collectively earned from that capacity, mattered most. The focus, therefore, was on growing total revenues, reducing operating expenses as a percent of revenues (opex productivity), and increasing revenues as a percent of cumulative capital expenditures (capex productivity). (Exhibit 2: Bharti’s Key Performance Metrics) Outsourcing Operations A telecom company, it was originally thought, would have to be an infrastructure company, a network company, an IT company, and a customer service company rolled into one. But in early 2004, given that Bharti was growing rapidly, expanding into new territories, and entering new businesses like fixed line services and long distance operations, Mittal and his team were forced to question what constituted their core activity. â€Å"Again, we broke away from traditional telecom wisdom,† Gupta said. â€Å"We had no choice; at our back end, we were collapsing.†

Ap Language and Composition Essay Samples Fundamentals Explained

Ap Language and Composition Essay Samples Fundamentals Explained Additionally, by arguing for the other side of your opinion, you are going to learn which points you will need to better address in your essay. You could have three distinct speakers with the exact argument topic and all 3 speakers would graspe the audience in various ways. If you cannot determine what the question is, return and reread the prompt. Knowing the question you're answering is the most significant portion of AP writing. There are likewise a lot of practice exercises you may use to gauge your abilities and knowledge in writing and composition. From here on, you've got to come up with a special interpretation of the means by which the structure contributes to the meaning. The grammar ought to be perfect, and structure should be wholly logical. AP Language and Composition course is a huge deal, and your principal intent is to clearly show your capacity to create decent analysis with an ideal structur e and grammar indexes. Sample questions are helpful in they will prepare you for what you are able to expect and what type of thinking you should do on exam day. It doesn't matter to us, whether you're too busy on the job concentrating on a passion undertaking, or simply tired of a seemingly infinite stream of assignments. With time, you should start to notice areas in which your studying should be raised and those which you're strong in. You don't have a lot of time to spend trying to earn each and every portion of your essays perfect. Here's What I Know About Ap Language and Composition Essay Samples At the close of the calendar year, it's your choice to ensure you understand everything to generate a 5 on the AP exam. It is not the most in-depth manner of studying, but, it is going to enable you to review the most essential information for the AP exam. Do all of the practice exams under timed conditions and take some time to understand all the questions that you miss. Or p erhaps you simply need more guidance about how to study for AP exams. If this is the case, you most likely already know there are two parts to the exam. You should begin early before the exam to earn a very good improvement. The exam is almost always a difficult situation to cope with. Your exam is broken into portions. A thesis is the principal argument of your essay. How to compose an excellent analysis essay ap english customized essay writing service do you would like to purchase custom essay online since you feel you're stuck on the. It's possible to employ the Best Essay Writing Service and receive an original customized essay written by a seasoned writer. 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Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, in addition to make sure you are getting the very best service our company may deliver. The Appeal of Ap Language and Composition Essay Samples The second part of the test is known as the free-response section. There's so much info and topics which may be confusing without a teacher to explain it. For those who have access to multiple practice tests, you're able to even take complete tests at distinct times in the studying procedure to observe how you've improved and what you still must work on. You're able to discover a practice test in lots of the official study guides, and some even incorporate a diagnostic test to serve as your initial assessment. Just place your order for virtually any kind of essay, and it is going to be done at the maximal level. No really, it is a great idea. The question wasn't merely an invitation to write discursively on the field of photography. 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Aids Awareness - 2 - 2402 Words

World AIDS Day, observed on 1 December every year, is dedicated to raising awareness of the AIDS pandemic caused by the spread of HIV infection. Government and health officials observe the day, often with speeches or forums on the AIDS topics. Since 1995, the President of the United States has made an official proclamation on World AIDS Day. Governments of other nations have followed suit and issued similar announcements. AIDS has killed more than 25 million people between 1981 and 2007,[1] and an estimated 33.2 million people worldwide live with HIV as of 2007,[2] making it one of the most destructive epidemics in recorded history. Despite recent, improved access to antiretroviral treatment and care in many regions of the world, the AIDS†¦show more content†¦As of 2008, each year s World AIDS Day theme is chosen by the World AIDS Campaign s Global Steering Committee after extensive consultation with people, organizations and government agencies involved in the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS.[7] For each World AIDS Day from 2005 through 2010, the theme will be Stop AIDS. Keep the Promise., with a yearly sub-theme.[7] This overarching theme is designed to encourage political leaders to keep their commitment to achieve universal access to HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, care, and support by the year 2010.[7] This theme is not specific to World AIDS Day, but is used year-round in WAC s efforts to highlight HIV/AIDS awareness within the context of other major global events including the G8 Summit. World AIDS Campaign also conducts in-country campaigns throughout the world, like the Student Stop AIDS Campaign, an infection-awareness campaign targeting young people throughout the UK. Today many people around the world are infected with a serious disease called AIDS. Unfortunately, the disease has led to many deaths worldwide and yet it still remains untreatable. Many Public Health Departments are now taking the lead in publicizing education about AIDS. 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While introducingRead MoreHIV and AIDS1035 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Kristina Nguyen HIV and AIDS The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the Auto Immune Deficiency Disease (AIDS) are one of the leading killers around the world. Statistics provided by the Joint United Nations Program approximate that over 33 million people have been infected with HIV and AIDS. Of those 33 million, 1.1 million of those carriers are in the United States and even more shockingly, a fifth of those carriers are unaware that they have been infected. The World Health Organization estimatedRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus : A Type Of Cancer And Other Opportunistic Infections1093 Words   |  5 Pagesopportunistic infections. (A timeline of aids) Several people lost their life too. At that time medical world was not aware of what causes those infections. Only thing known was the symptoms were seen mostly in gay men. In September 1982 CDC named those symptoms as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome or AIDS. (Holland, 2013) Later studies done by Dr. Robert C. Gallo, M.D, and others found that a vir us called Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIV caused AIDS. Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIV isRead MoreBenefits Of A Voluntary Counselling Center ( Vct )1721 Words   |  7 Pagesof stigmatization and the vulnerable population that is likely to contract the HIV virus. Pathophysiology Karin and Robert have stated that, Human immune deficiency syndrome virus (HIV) is the causative agent for Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. (AIDS) which is known to be a slow acting virus, thus one can live with it for a long time if she/he has had sexual intercourse with an infected person without knowing if other was/is infected, until one does a HIV test.Human immunodeficiency syndrome virusRead MoreAn Evaluation of Hiv-Aids Care and Prevention Strategies in Uk1067 Words   |  5 PagesI N T R O D U C T I O N An Overall View of HIV/AIDS Statistics in UK: According to the Bureau of Hygiene and Tropical Diseases, in the early 1980s, the number of people diagnosed with HIV was a increasing steadily. From 1987 to 1990 the cumulative number of HIV diagnoses reported was almost doubled (from 8,016 to 15,166) (1, 2). Between 1990 and 1997 there were between 2,000 and 2,700 HIV diagnoses reported annually.(3) From 1999 there was a huge rate of increase in the number of annual HIV Infected

Morality, Justice, And Legitimacy - 1403 Words

Throughout the year’s philosophers have questioned many things regarding morality, justice, and legitimacy. In the readings present by both Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Friedrich Nietzsche the reader will be able to grasp the definition of Rousseau where he states that the only way in which Legitimate Political power is presented when they govern their citizens with consent and equality. Along with Nietzsche definition of justice they express similar concerns that come when States govern their citizens as well as explaining why other forms of legitimacy presented by other philosophers aren’t valid and have fault by not truly defining when it legitimate. Rousseau and Nietzsche have similar views on how the citizens should be governed. In†¦show more content†¦As mentioned before both Nietzsche and Rousseau expresses that the inequality that is forced upon some people has allowed for the poor to be taken advantage of. In the lecture of Discourse Concerning inequality† Professor Leitch expresses the way in which certain groups are oppressed in a state of nature and equality. Leitch refers to the way in which people who are all equal at one point will gain an advantage among the others when they specialize in a manufacturing of goods. As more farmers or blacksmiths create a surplus of their product they are now in a position to sell and profit off what they need and exchange what they have for what they need. In doing so this will give those an advantage in their production further creating an inequality that goes against the state of nature. Along with seeing the inequality on which slaves and masters have they acknowledg e the weakness of a human being and how depended one another is. In Rousseau, he mentions that people with both parents tend to live a longer and healthier life than those with one incentivizing people to staying together if they mate, Nietzsche believes that humans have an animal instinct where In addition to both acknowledging the inequality and the dependency of humanity Nietzsche idea of justice compliments Rousseau claims of legitimate power. The definition of legitimacy is â€Å"the quality or characteristic the we see in some in some institutions or relationships that makes what would usually beShow MoreRelatedThe Case Of The Speluncean Explorers1544 Words   |  7 PagesSpeluncean Explorers, written by Lon Luvious Fuller, comprises of a robust statutory interpretation discussion between natural law and legal positivism. In the context of natural law, naturalist follows that there is an obligatory connection between morality and the law. To put it simply, there is a moral obligation to ascertain the legal cogency of the law. In this case, Foster J follows a natural law approach as he believes that the conviction of each of the defendants should be set aside on the premiseRead MoreMorality and Politics798 Words   |  3 PagesMORALITY AND POLITICS INTRODUCTION If we divide morality of an individual in two types- individual and public, then public morality comes in political morality. Public moralities have responsibility for welfare of other people and keep justice among them. On the other hand, an individual morality is personal views and ethics and this is not responsible for other’s welfare. When we failed to keep both kind of morality separate, then it affects other persons in a destructive way. Morality belongs toRead MoreApplication of African Customary Law in Kenya1586 Words   |  7 Pagesvarious kinds of relationships between members in a community. Customary laws are said to be applicable to the extent that they are not repugnant to justice, morality or any other written law. 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Hart, and philosopher Ronald Dworkin, while having fundamental differences in their beliefs of whatRead MoreComparing Machiavelli And Hobbes Political Writings And The Leviathan1423 Words   |  6 Pagesis supposed at the making of a Commonwealth, to have abandoned the defense of his life, or limbes, where the law cannot arrive time enough to his assistance.† In this way, the Sovereign defends his own power over the commonwealth by granting man legitimacy of violence for the sake of his own safety, thus further removing fear within the commonwealth, and ensuring their continued allegiance to the Sovereign. The state’s monopoly over the use of violence is explained through the revoking of men’s rightsRead MoreThe Importance Of Human Rights And Social Justice1015 Words   |  5 PagesInternational law is incredibly necessary in the promotion of human rights, and the fight towards widespread social justice. 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Manager interview paper Free Essays

The success or failure of an organization highly depends on how the manager drives the people to achieve effectiveness. The study is conducted to identify the general responsibilities of a manager and how the manager handle its people in order to leverage them to move forward and dream big for the organization. The study will highlight the day-to-day activities and responsibilities of a manager based on existing concepts and theories. We will write a custom essay sample on Manager interview paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now It will also try to assess how a manager will approach various problems of employees in attaining success of the organization. The selected manager is currently a Manager of a Natural Resource Management Program implemented in different regions. He has been in the program as a manager for eight years now. He handles 20 people who are under different positions such as Finance Officer, Administrative Staff, Researcher, Social Marketing and   Events Organizer and General Services. †¢ General Background and Responsibilities Different roles and responsibilities of a manager were ascertained in the course of the interview. The manager has been in the business for 10 years but assigned as manager for eight years. The interview evolved into the responsibilities of a manager. The top most tasks or duties of a manager are to select, supervise, and support a team. This looks like a little responsibility but this spells a lot especially that the objective is to manage and supervise the program efficiently. Selecting is one of the difficult parts as a manager. This is where the manager matches the job of the person into the skills and abilities. Before assigning a certain person in a job the person applying for a position are thoroughly selected and deliberated. It is not easy assigning a person with a job that is not suited to his abilities and skills or the objectives of the organization may fail. The second top of the responsibility of a manager is plan and supervise. A clear plan with clear strategies is needed in starting up an organization that leads to accomplishment. The plan matters in any way and anyhow. This is like a â€Å"diary† of every manager in implementing and monitoring the program itself.   After selecting an appropriate person in a job suited to him it is now the task of the manager to supervise him and teach him with the organization’s strategies in order to deliver his outputs properly. The manager sees to it that the work being done by his subordinates is appropriate and accurate. Another task related to this is supervising the selected employees to do their work expected from them. The third task is support, which is equally important with other responsibilities. This is where the manager develops the sense of belongingness of an employee in a certain organization because of always reminding to them that they are part of the organization and that any success or failure would also be their success or otherwise. Trainings, seminars and other skill enhancing activities are done to develop more their skills. Support given to the employees is always maintained. In relation to this also, open communication between the employees and the manager is extended. Being a manager is not an easy task. The day-to-day meeting with the higher bosses and the meeting with the staff is a job that requires patience and endurance. Everyday the manager is faced with different problems may it be technical, financial and even personal problems from the employees. The most liked part of being a manager is the privilege to any sort of privileges. The manager always travels, meet new people, attend conferences and among others. This is like the But one of the least liked parts of it is managing employees. And sometimes much harder is managing employees with attitude. This is the hardest part because they are the fuel to the organization’s success. †¢ Managing Employees The manager handles 20 employees who are holding different positions. These positions require diverse skills, abilities and talents. These in turn should be given attention in order to be enhanced and attain growth not only for the benefit of the employee but of the organization as well. Managing the employees is one of the hardest parts to do. The organization especially the manager is tasked to carefully manage its people, motivate them in any way and lead them to where the organization wants it to be. Attaining success of the organization can be achieved if the workforce involved are suitably motivated and led with authority. Motivation. Motivation of employees to work harder is linked also with the performance appraisal. In performance appraisal, the employee is assessed accordingly based on its tasks and responsibilities to improve the quality of the work. Appraisal is often used with tools such as 360-degree feedback where everyone who is connected with the employee is asked to give their assessment to the person involved within the duration of the project. Results of this will be consolidated and identify certain strategies on how to maximize the strengths and improve weaknesses of employees. In motivation theory, rewards are given to the employee who has performed way above the expected from them. This may be in the form of salary increase, promotion from one position to a higher position or the equivalent of it in some offices. This is true with Mayo’s theory that an employee can do better in his job if there will be an open communication lines, teamwork and with interaction with the manager. Several theories came out like of Maslow’s five levels of need, Herzberg’s theory of motivators and de-motivators, Vroom’s theory on the good performance will reap rewards, and Skinner’s theory of reinforcement.   These are all worth contribution in refining the theories behind motivating an employee (Blair, 2005). Lead. The key to leadership is to lead. An employee must see with his own-two eyes that the leader they are going to follow possesses good leadership skills. Coaching is one way also of leading an employee. Not all of the topics are familiar with the newly hired employees and who are still struggling to blend with the group in an organization. This is the best way to teach and guide the employees to work hard and give their best in their endeavours. Develop skills of staff especially sending to trainings and workshops where the employee can voice out their issues. The word leadership should emanate from the manager itself to make the employee understand what leadership is. This should be coupled with authority. Another way of leading is ensuring that they get enough commensuration based on what they do not on number of hours they worked for it. Manages ethics and ethical accountability. In reprimanding someone because he did not do his job always emphasize that you are angry with the results of the work he handled and not of who he is as a person. Direct to the point conversations and giving feedback is highly appreciated by employees. Respect is always important in handling employees. This will gain also respect from the staff and later on it would not be too difficult to open up and voice out opinions of what the employee thinks. Much more to this is always delegating work to the subordinates. This is not just to lessen the jobs of a manager but also giving the employee the chance to grow and understand the things around him. This also contributes hugely to the self-esteem of the employee because the privilege to be part of the success of a certain project. Feedbacks from the staff are also important in making the organization work. This is one move to ensure that the strategies employed by the manager are working and relevant to the learnings of each and every employee. Conclusion I would still go back to what I have mentioned earlier: the success or failure of an organization is not on how the manager managed the project but how he has maximized the potentials of his employees to deliver accurate and quality outputs. Managing people is like accomplishing an unfinished puzzle. The managers have their own task to accomplish which is the same with the employees who are part of the project. But in making this endeavour a success the manger sees to it that his people are enriched, have grown and motivated to do the job accordingly. This is not because of the increase in the salary or a work promotion but this is done because working in a team is a sense of fulfilment. Managing people is not easy. Management also is not that easy. It can be learned through time. These ideas that have been inculcated in their minds that at the end of the day it is not â€Å"me† that matters but â€Å"we’. References Brandenburg, B. (2006). What Community manager does? Retrieved March 5, 2008 Website: http://www.vmmg.net Fairweather, A. (2006). Managing employees: How to reprimand. Retrieved March 5, 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Website www.businessknowhow.com/manage/reprimand.htm What Manager does? 2007. Retrieved March 6, 2008. Website:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://userwebs.cth.com.au/~gcutts/Management/1manager.html Blair,   G. (2005). What makes a Great Manager. Retrieved March 3, 2008. Website   http://www.see.ed.ac.uk/~gerard/Management/art9.html Employee Performance Improvement: Understanding Your Role as a Manager† (2003) Catalog No. TD11A8Q65, Corporate Executive Board, p. 19. Martin, K. J. and J. McConnell. (1989). Corporate Performance, Corporate Takeovers and Management Turnover, Working Paper at Purdue University. Appendices Manager Interview Form Section 1: General Background and Responsibilities 1. How long have you been with the company? How long have you held your current position? 2. What are the three most important tasks or duties that you are responsible for accomplishing in this job? 3. What do you like most about being a manager? What do you like least about being a manager?    Section 2: Managing Employees What are the objectives you want to achieve? Short term and long term? How many employees do you have? Is it difficult to handle people who are diverse? Are there any instances when you reprimanded employees just because they did not follow you? How do you treat problems like this? What are the motivating factors you employ? Do you give benefits/rewards to those employees who performed high? Why is that so? What have you done so far as a Manager in the policies regarding benefits and rewards of the employees? As a manager, how do you build confidence and self-esteem of staff? How do you build quality team to ensure output? How to cite Manager interview paper, Essay examples

Abolitionists Essay Example For Students

Abolitionists Essay Strategies of Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman, and John BrownAbolitionist Movement was a reform movement during the 18th and 19th centuries. Often called the antislavery movement, it sought to end the enslavement of Africans and people of African descent in Europe, the Americas, and Africa itself. It also aimed to end the Atlantic slave trade carried out in the Atlantic Ocean between Africa, Europe, and the Americas. Many people participated in trying to end slavery. These people became known as the abolitionists. The three well-known abolitionists are Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman, and John Brown. Sojourner Truth (1797-1883), born into slavery as Isabella, was an American abolitionist and an advocate of womens rights. She joined the abolitionist movement and became a travelling preacher. She took her new name-Sojourner Truth-in 1843 and began preaching along the eastern seaboard. Her strategy consisted of walking through Long Island and Connecticut, speaking to people about her li fe and her relationship with God. She was a powerful speaker and singer. When she rose to speak, wrote one observer, her commanding figure and dignified manner hushed every trifler to silence. Audiences were melted into tears by her touching stories. She traveled and spoke widely. Encountering the womens rights movement in 1850, Truth added its causes to hers. She is particularly remembered for the famous Aint I a Woman? speech she gave at the womans rights convention in 1851. Although Truth never learned to read or write, she dictated her memoirs to Olive Gilbert and they were published in 1850s as The Narrative of Sojourner Truth: A Northern Slave. This book, and her presence as a speaker, made her a sought-after figure on the anti-slavery womans rights lecture circuit. Harriet Tubman was closely associated with Abolitionist John Brown and was well acquainted with other abolitionists, including Frederick Douglas, Jermain Loguen, and Gerrit Smith. After freeing herself from slavery , Tubman worked at various activities to save to finance her activities as a Conductor of the Underground Railroad. She is believed to have conducted approximately 300 persons to freedom in the North. The tales of her exploits reveal her highly spiritual nature, as well as a grim determination to protect her charges and those who aided them. Her strategy was to show confidence to the people she was responsible for. Like Truth, she used words to influence others. She always expressed confidence that God would aid her efforts, and threatened to shoot any of her charges who thought to turn back. For example, Tubman had a very short rule, which implied death to anyone who talked of giving out and going back. She would give all to understand that times were very critical and therefore no foolishness would be indulged in on the road. Her subjects were greatly invigorated by Harriets blunt and positive manner and threat of extreme measures. When William Still published The Underground Rail road in 1871, he included a letter from Thomas Garret, the Stationmaster of Wilmington Delaware. In this letter, Garret describes Tubman as Moses. He success was wonderful. Time and time again she made successful visits to Maryland on the Underground Railroad, and would be absent for weeks at a time, running daily risks while making preparations for herself and her passengers. Great fears were entertained for her safety, but she seemed wholly devoid of personal fearshe would not suffer one of her party to whimper once, about giving out and going back, however wearied they might be by the hard travel day and night. John Brown was an American abolitionist, born in Connecticut and raised in Ohio. Unlike Truth and Hubmans peaceful strategies, he felt passionately and violently that he must fight to end slavery. The success of the pro-slavery forces, especially their lack of Lawrence, aroused Brown, and in order to cause a restraining fear he, with four of his sons and two other men, led the murder of five pro-slavery men on the banks of the Pottawatomie River. He stated that he was an instrument in the hand of God. His exploits as a leader of an antislavery bank received wide publicity, especially in abolitionist journals, and as Old Brown of Osawatomie he became nationally known. Brown did not end there. In October 1856, Brown