Science News Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Science News - Article Example Be that as it may, in Asimov’s words, what's to come isn't protected and humankind is gazing at fiasco. This is clear in issues of overpopulation, an unnatural weather change, and between ethnic clashes that undermine presence itself. By and large, a faith in an intriguing future remains the main door to a pleasurable life. There are similarly researchers who have endeavored to oppose standards that have been viewed as restrictions. For example, the account of the head honcho who endeavored to challenge gravity is the best contextual investigation. In the film Gravity, two rocket space travelers attempt to restrict the gravitational draw occasioned by extreme orbital elevations. Shockingly, the wonder of backwards square law debilitates gravity yet at the same time, doesn't after the impacts of the gravitational power (Johnson 1). Moreover, the quality of gravity on solid land is an enormous marvel that represents in excess of 13 percent when evaluated from the International Space Station. It, consequently, infers that the on-screen characters in Gravity would withdraw space at the speed of 17,000 mile for every hour. Space science faces a dim future if the correct plans are not actualized to protect most its benefits throughout the only remaining hundreds of years. As per Dennis Overbye, the establishment of the Lick Observatory denotes the start of a cooperative activity with the University of California to gather $700,000 in the obtaining of greater telescopes. On that account, the acquisition of the Thirty-Meter Telescope has come about to bitterness among stargazers who dread that the Observatory possibly shut. It suggests that they would lose significant instructive and exploration devices that have formed space science in the establishment for a long time (Overbye 1). Likewise, Telescopes at Lick were instrumental in the examination on dull vitality that earned the college the Nobel Prize in 2011. In this way, a transition to meddle with its activities is equivalent to smothering the accomplishment of versatile

Culture Within Organizations Southwest Airlines Free Essays

A culture is a lot of qualities that are received by individuals who co-propensity wherever. It comprises of shared characteristics and ways of life. Inside an association, culture alludes to qualities and standards that are pervasive all through the working environment and among the representatives. We will compose a custom exposition test on Culture Within Organizations: Southwest Airlines or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now This incorporates their quirks, mentalities, and hard working attitude. Culture inside an association applies command over the conduct of individuals. Development and achievement of an organization relies generally upon the sort of culture which is common inside an association. A wide range of kinds of culture exist in organizations today. Certain societies urge representatives to work and become all together making solidarity. Others may put accentuation on higher positioning representatives, which leaves those at the base of the chain of command harsh or angry, making a working environment which may not be neighborly or agreeable. A few organizations may pick to adhere to what they know, accordingly smothering innovativeness and development by disposing of experimentation. Then again, an organization might be excessively imaginative and continually searching for new thoughts and facing new challenges. In spite of the fact that this sounds great in principle, it might prompt a shaky workplace. Culture can either represent the moment of truth an association. Culture is certifiably not a substantial article. It is the aftereffect of management’s convictions and values and employees’ usage of those convictions and qualities. It exists inside all associations and can be resolved, for instance, by taking a gander at the clothing standard inside the work environment. It can likewise be seen by watching representative association and conduct. One can likewise get a thought of an organization’s culture by observing its dealings with those outside of the organization (I. . client assistance). Culture makes up the character of an association. It is critical that a positive authoritative culture is made, educated and clung to. It very well may be utilized to improve the proficiency and hard working attitude of representatives in an association. It additionally has a groun d-breaking impact over the conduct of people and drives execution of the workforce. A solid character adds character to a person. Similarly, hierarchical culture gives a business its own exceptional personality. It makes solidarity among representatives and installs in them the soul of collaboration. A case of an association which has a solid culture that has helped it flourish in the flying business is Southwest Airlines. Southwest Airlines (SWA) was established by Rollin King, M. Lamar Muse and Herb Kelleher in 1966. They started adjusting Dallas, Houston and San Antonio in 1971, in the wake of winning a fight in court battled in the U. S. Preeminent Court. The aircraft began by offering six day by day roundtrip trips among Dallas and San Antonio, and 12 day by day roundtrip trips among Dallas and Houston. They started with one basic idea: â€Å"If you get your travelers to their goals when they need to arrive, on schedule, at the most minimal potential charges, and make darn sure they make some great memories doing it, individuals will fly your airline† (www. southwest. com). This thought has prompted an exceptionally special culture at SWAâ€one that puts client assistance at its middle. This can be seen through their statement of purpose, according to their site: â€Å"dedication to the highest caliber of Customer Service conveyed with a feeling of warmth, amicability, singular pride, and Company Spirit†. Their praiseworthy type of client support comes as an immediate consequence of how representatives at SWA are dealt with. â€Å"We are resolved to give our Employees a steady workplace with equivalent open door for learning and self-improvement. Innovativeness and advancement are empowered for improving the viability of Southwest Airlines. Most importantly, Employees will be given a similar concern, regard, and caring mentality inside the association that they are relied upon to share remotely with each Southwest Customer† (Freiberg and Freiberg). SWA the board has made a culture where workers are treated as the company’s number one resource. There is constrained accentuation on formal hierarchical structure and the workplace joins humor with obligation. Their upbeat workforce makes greatest productivityâ€willingly. Trust and regard between the laborers and the board is a vital piece of the company’s achievement. SWA has exemplified that culture begins from inside. Enthusiasm appeared within will reflect outwards and clients will see it. SWA has had the option to do this reliably. Clients see the enthusiasm applied by SWA workers and it makes them need to go with them. The elevating, vivacious characters of workers keep clients returning for additional. This can be found in the way that SWA has successively recorded benefits throughout the previous 40 years (www. southwest. com). The uplifting mentalities applied by SWA representatives are infectious and stream down to its clients. As covered the organization site, â€Å"Southwest Airlines has reliably gotten the least proportion of grievances per travelers boarded of all Major U. S. arriers that have been detailing measurements to the Department of Transportation since September 1987. † The soul that exists all through SWA engages its workers to have faith in themselves, the administration they are giving, the business all in all, and the clients that they serve. The one of a kind culture keeps worker spirit high. All representatives, including airline stewards, client support reps, and stuff handlers, are urged to make whatever move they esteem important to address client issues or help individual specialists (Milliman). This has prompted both worker and client reliability. Workers feel required which brings about a commitment to the organization. Thusly, clients experience remarkable assistance where they genuinely are put first, making a feeling of having a place. A lot of SWA’s achievement is because of the readiness of its authority to be creative. Organizer Herb Kelleher considered California-based Pacific Southwest Airlines broadly and utilized a considerable lot of the airline’s thoughts to frame the corporate culture at Southwest. From the get-go, they received the â€Å"Long Legs and Short Nights† topic for attendants on board common Southwest Airlines flights. They chose lovely airline stewards with exceptional characters and dressed them in hot jeans and go-go boots to guarantee a fun and stand-out traveler’s experience (http://avstop. com). Working out of Love Field, â€Å"love† turned into their limited time subject. Airline stewards would serve â€Å"love potions† and â€Å"love bites† (also called beverages and peanuts) to the company’s customer base of for the most part male business fliers (Pederson). Numerous choices made by Kelleher have delivered positive results for SWA. For instance, since its origin, SWA decided to purchase its business planes from one maker. This choice has permitted them to diminish operational costs, just as lessen upkeep and fix costs for their enormous armada. By picking a solitary provider, the requirement for client service, support, checking, preparing, and so on has been decreased, accordingly diminishing expenses for the organization. They have additionally cut the time it takes to perform ground obligations, when their planes land. This has prompted a faster turnaround time for the following trip to take off, along these lines prompting benefits for the organization. Another move by SWA which keeps contenders under control is their booking framework. Reservations are taken uniquely through the web, in this way diminishing expenses of utilizing ticket counter representatives. This strategy spares both the client and the carrier time and cash. Kelleher’s worldview for progress begins with the center of the companyâ€its representatives. Employing roused individuals and permitting them to join their inventiveness in everyday exercises is vital. By giving representatives dynamic capacities, they are caused to feel significant. A feeling of pride flourishes inside every worker, which decidedly impacts the clients that they manage. This is reflected in their work yield and makes more noteworthy effectiveness, which prompts productivity for the organization. Furthermore, more joyful representatives can give better client care, thus making the experience an inside and out positive one. As Amy Marhoffer, Culture Communications and Planning expert at SWA puts it, â€Å"Happy Employees=Happy Customers=Increased Business/Profits=Happy Shareholders. Despite the fact that pay is frequently seen as the main helper, Kelleher comprehends the significance that representative spirit plays. A tad of fun can convert into a great deal of efficiency. Bailey clarifies how positive resolve can create more productivity: â€Å"SWA, after compensation cuts at different aircrafts, has the industry’s most elevated wages. But since of effective work propensities, estimated in the amount it spends to fly a traveler a given s eparation, its expenses are the most reduced among huge airlines† (Bailey). Note that the achievement of SWA is expected not exclusively to the way of life yet in addition its capacity to adjust to the industry’s needs. The aircraft business specifically, is one that is intensely subject to client support; the more joyful clients are, the more positive their experience will be. Shockingly, there is a lot of undiscovered profitability among organizations stuck in the old methods of mistreatment and oppression. Kelleher’s approach shows that he gets individuals; he permits them to act naturally, which makes a positive workplace and a craving to be the best. He has effectively made a culture that has the properties of fun, amusement and certified consideration at its center. At the point when Southwest began in 1971 they were only a little local transporter flying from Houston to Dallas. Through the span of the last 40+ years, they have effectively exp

5 Exciting Outdoor Jobs for People Who Love Staying Active

5 Exciting Outdoor Jobs for People Who Love Staying Active Except if your name is Bear Grylls, figuring out how to take care of your tabs while reveling your affection for the outside and maintaining a strategic distance from the 9-to-5 work area work granulate can be a tough trip (quip planned). On the off chance that you’ve consistently favored being out in the components to an atmosphere controlled office, don’t despair-there are some profession ways you should consider. 1. EnvironmentalistIf you’re one of those individuals on the road who does, truth be told, discover an opportunity to stop and discussion about nature, you should consider working for an organization or office that works for preservation. Per the U.S. Agency of Labor Statistics, the interest for ecological researchers and masters is required to develop by 11% throughout the following eight years.2. Geologist/GeoscientistYou may consider topography of being as fun as a case of†¦well, rocks, however that’s only a generalization. As a general rule, it’s a fluctuated vocation way that can incorporate contemplating the earth (soil, water, and minerals) and climate, climate, Earth’s relationship to the remainder of the nearby planetary group, geochemistry, geophysics, and numerous different claims to fame. Consider it getting the chance to work in the world’s greatest lab.3. Park/Forest RangerThink of this activity as being nature’s bouncer. You’re answerable for dealing with mind blowing common habitats (sea shores, parks, deserts, forests) and assisting with teaching individuals about the marvels of the land and why it ought to be preserved.4. LifeguardThis one isn’t all moderate movement Baywatch dramatization if you’re a lifeguard, you’re endowed with the lives and wellbeing of everybody visiting your sea shore, pool, or other waterway. In the event that you’ve got falcon eyes and the speedy impulses of a mom bear (also the swimming abilities of a fish), at that point this may be your optimal open air job.5. Ski/Snowboard InstructorNot every open air work are in warm, green, or beachy spots-we haven’t overlooked you, chilly climate fans! This is to a greater extent a regular gig (relatively few individuals pursuing ski exercises in July), yet in the event that you have a warm parka, the declining aptitudes, and the longing to instruct individuals to defeat their dread of the rabbit slant and overcome the mountain, this can be an extraordinary profession way for you.

Battle of Megiddo - World War I - Palestine

Skirmish of Megiddo - World War I - Palestine The Battle of Megiddo was battled September 19 to October 1, 1918, during World War I (1914-1918) and was an unequivocal Allied triumph in Palestine. Subsequent to holding at Romani in August 1916, British Egyptian Expeditionary Force troops started progressing over the Sinai Peninsula. Winning minor triumphs at Magdhaba and Rafa, their crusade was at long last stopped before Gaza by Ottoman powers in March 1917 when General Sir Archibald Murray couldn't advancement the Ottoman lines. Following a second endeavor against the city fizzled, Murray was alleviated and order of the EEF went to General Sir Edmund Allenby. A veteran of the battling on the Western Front, including Ypres and the Somme, Allenby recharged the Allied hostile in late October and broke the foe protections at the Third Battle of Gaza. Quickly propelling, he entered Jerusalem in December. Despite the fact that Allenby proposed to pound the Ottomans in the spring of 1918, he was immediately constrained on edge when the greater part of his soldiers were reassigned to help in overcoming the German Spring Offensives on the Western Front. Holding along a line running from the Mediterranean east to the Jordan River, Allenby kept weight on the adversary by mounting enormous scope attacks over the stream and supporting the Arab Northern Armys tasks. Guided by Emir Faisal and Major T.E. Lawrence, Arab powers went to east where they barricaded Maan and assaulted the Hejaz Railway. Armed forces Commanders Partners General Sir Edmund Allenby57,000 infantry, 12,000 mounted force, 540 weapons Hassocks General Otto Liman von Sanders32,000 infantry, 3,000 mounted force, 402 weapons Allenby Plan As the circumstance on in Europe balanced out that late spring, he started to get fortifications. Topping off his positions with to a great extent Indian divisions, Allenby started arrangements for another hostile. Setting Lieutenant General Edward Bulfins XXI Corps on the left along the coast, he proposed for these soldiers to assault on a 8-mile front and advancement the Ottoman lines. This done, Lieutenant General Harry Chauvels Desert Mounted Corps would press through the hole. Flooding forward, the corps was to make sure about goes close to Mount Carmel before entering the Jezreel Valley and catching the correspondence communities at Al-Afuleh and Beisan. With this done, the Ottoman Seventh and Eighth Armies would be compelled to withdraw east over the Jordan Valley. To forestall such a withdrawal, Allenby expected for Lieutenant General Philip Chetwodes XX Corps to progress on XXI Corps option to obstruct the goes in the valley. Beginning their assault a day sooner, it was trusted that XX Corps endeavors would draw Ottoman soldiers east and away from XXI Corps line of advance. Striking through the Judean Hills, Chetwode was to set up a line from Nablus to the intersection at Jis ed Damieh. As a last target, XX Corps was likewise entrusted with making sure about the Ottoman Seventh Army central station in Nablus.â Double dealing With an end goal to expand the odds of accomplishment, Allenby started utilizing a wide assortment of trickery strategies intended to persuade the foe that the fundamental blow would fall in the Jordan Valley. These incorporated the Anzac Mounted Division reproducing the developments of a whole corps just as restricting all westward troop developments to after dusk. Trickiness endeavors were supported by the way that the Royal Air Force and Australian Flying Corps appreciated air prevalence and could forestall ethereal perception of Allied troop developments. Additionally,â Lawrence and the Arabs enhanced these activities by slicing railroads toward the east just as mounting assaults around Deraa. The Ottomans The Ottoman resistance of Palestine tumbled to the Yildirim Army Group. Bolstered by a unit of German officials and troops, this power was driven by General Erich von Falkenhayn until March 1918. In the wake of a few annihilations and due his readiness to trade an area for foe losses, he was supplanted with General Otto Liman von Sanders. Having had accomplishment in before crusades, for example, Gallipoli, von Sanders accepted that further withdraws would lethally harm the Ottoman Armys spirit and would empower revolts among the masses. Expecting order, von Sanders put Jevad Pashas Eighth Army along the coast with its line running inland to the Judean Hills. Mustafa Kemal Pashas Seventh Army held a situation from the Judean Hills east to the Jordan River. While these two held the line, Mersinli Djemal Pashas Fourth Army was alloted toward the east around Amman. Short on men and uncertain of where the Allied assault would come, von Sanders had to protect the whole front (Map). Therefore, his whole save comprised of two German regiments and a couple of under-quality mounted force divisions. Allenby Strikes Starting fundamental tasks, the RAF shelled Deraa on September 16 and Arab powers assaulted the around town the following day. These activities drove von Sanders to send Al-Afulehs battalion to Deraas help. Toward the west, the 53rd Division of Chetwodes corps additionally made some minor assaults in the slopes over the Jordan. These were planned to pick up places that could order the street organize behind the Ottoman lines. Not long after 12 PM on September 19, Allenby started his fundamental exertion. Around 1:00 AM, the RAFs Palestine Brigades single Handley Page O/400 aircraft struck the Ottoman central station at Al-Afuleh, taking out its phone trade and severely disturbing interchanges with the front for the following two days. At 4:30 AM, British mounted guns started a short preliminary siege which kept going around fifteen to twenty minutes. At the point when the firearms fell quiet, XXI Corps infantry flooded forward against the Ottoman lines. Discovery Rapidly overpowering the extended Ottomans, the British made quick gains. Along the coast, the 60th Division progressed more than four miles in over two hours. Having opened a gap in von Sanders front, Allenby pushed the Desert Mounted Corps through the hole while XXI Corps kept on progressing and augment the break. As the Ottomans needed stores, the Desert Mounted Corps quickly progressed against light opposition and arrived at all of its goals. The assaults of September 19 successfully broke the Eighth Army and Jevad Pasha fled. Continuously of September 19/20, the Desert Mounted Corps had made sure about the goes around Mount Carmel and were progressing onto the plain past. Pushing forward, British powers made sure about Al-Afuleh and Beisan later in the day and verged on catching von Sanders at his Nazareth central command. United Victory With Eighth Army pulverized as a battling power, Mustafa Kemal Pasha discovered his Seventh Army in a risky position. In spite of the fact that his soldiers had eased back Chetwodes advance, his flank had been turned and he needed adequate men to battle the British on two fronts. As British powers had caught the railroad line north to Tul Keram, Kemal was constrained to withdraw east from Nablus through the Wadi Fara and into the Jordan Valley. Pulling out the evening of September 20/21, his rearguard had the option to defer Chetwodes powers. During the day, the RAF spotted Kemals section as it went through a chasm toward the east of Nablus. Constantly assaulting, the British airplane hit with bombs and automatic rifles. This elevated ambush impaired huge numbers of the Ottoman vehicles and obstructed the canyon to traffic. With airplane assaulting at regular intervals, the overcomers of the Seventh Army relinquished their hardware and started to escape over the slopes. Squeezing his bit of leeway, Allenby drove his powers forward and started to catch huge quantities of adversary troops in the Jezreel Valley. Amman Toward the east, the Ottoman Fourth Army, presently detached, started an undeniably disarranged retreat north from Amman. Moving out on September 22, it was assaulted by RAF airplane and Arab powers. With an end goal to stop the defeat, von Sanders endeavored to shape a cautious line along the Jordan and Yarmuk Rivers however was scattered by British mounted force on September 26. That equivalent day, the Anzac Mounted Division caught Amman. After two days, the Ottoman battalion from Maan, having been cut off, gave up flawless to the Anzac Mounted Division. Outcome Working related to Arab powers, Allenbys troops won a few minor activities as they shut on Damascus. The city tumbled to the Arabs on October 1. Along the coast, British powers caught Beirut seven days after the fact. Meeting light to no obstruction, Allenby coordinated his units north and Aleppo tumbled to the fifth Mounted Division and the Arabs on October 25. With their powers in complete disorder, the Ottomans made tranquility on October 30 when they marked the Armistice of Mudros. In the taking on during the Conflict of Megiddo, Allenby lost 782 murdered, 4,179 injured, and 382 missing. Stool misfortunes are not known with sureness, anyway more than 25,000 were caught and under 10,000 evaded during the retreat north. Extraordinary compared to other arranged and actualized skirmishes of World War I, Megiddo was one of only a handful hardly any definitive commitment battled during the war. Honored after the war, Allenby took the name of the fight for his title and turned out to be First Viscount Allenby of Megiddo.

Inferential Statistics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Inferential Statistics - Term Paper Example d without the requirement for pre-decided inquiries; or, it could likewise be a meeting of a member who is permitted to openly communicate for oneself on a wide scope of themes sans explicit inquiries. A scientist chooses an exploration strategy as per whether the goal is to distinguish a specific sort of data that is accumulated before the beginning of the investigation, or whether members will be the wellspring of that data. What's more, information may likewise be as numerical data that is gathered utilizing sizes of instruments recording and revealing the participants’ voices. Now and then, both quantitative and subjective data are assembled. Instrument information could be strengthened by reactions to open-finished inquiries, or evaluation information might be upheld by exploratory yet top to bottom meetings. In doing research, I will start by indentifying the poll that will be managed during the meeting. After the survey has been readied, the example populace will be chosen. A progression of meetings will be led. Every member in the exploration will be given a survey to fill. The exploration examiner will be organized in a way that doesn't outrage the member of the examination. Just the subjective plan is fitting for this, especially with the utilization of Grounded Theory, since this wonder has not been quite investigated. The quantitative technique won't be viable for this in view of the likelihood that noteworthy and significant marvels might be neglected due to the emphasis on hypothesis and theory testing. Additionally, the information created from the quantitative technique could be too conceptual to ever be appropriate to the objective populace. In the mean time, the blended techniques won't be compelling additionally since this will be unreasonably trying for a solitary scientist. b) Unbiased estimator is the point at which the parameters utilized in estimation have a mean equivalent to the genuine mean. Impartial measurement will here and there fall over the

On being a lab rat

On being a lab rat Wow, lots of questions to address today! I guess Ill start by talking about my UROP (and for those who dont yet speak MIT, my lab job). A few months ago, I wrote a summary of my last project; a paper describing the results of that project is currently being reviewed for publication in Cell. (For anyone who follows science journal impact factors, this is a Really Good Journal.) But anyway. Since the completion of the mouse project, Ive been working on a yeast two-hybrid screen. Basically, you have a DNA that encodes a protein youre psyched about, and you put it into yeast along with a DNA that encodes for some random snippet of something. If the two proteins interact within the cell, they will allow the transcription of another protein that allows the synthesis of a certain amino acid. Im sure that made very little sense (its a very confusing assay, even for biologists), so I have made another handy Paintbrush figure. If the cell gets both a red (your gene) plasmid and a blue (unknown gene) plasmid, and the proteins interact, then the yeast cell lives. If not, the cell dies. Theres another flowchart here. Its a little short on colorful Paint pictures, though. So at the end of the two-hybrid (which actually takes an obscene amount of time, because it involves a lot of plasmid purification from yeast, which are rather tough customers), I found five proteins that interact with the protein Im interested in. Ive been exploring the interaction between my protein and one of the proteins I found since the beginning of the summer. Ive done a lot of assays to explore the interaction Western blotting, immunocytochemistry, and overexpression in COS cells. Im currently drug-treating neurons which express my proteins, staining them with fluorescent antibodies, and imaging them on the worth-more-than-my-life confocal microscope. (Im not kidding. If you were to sell my organs piece by piece on the global black market, Im pretty sure they would be worth less in total than this microscope.) I wish I could tell you right now the exact nature of the interaction but to be honest, Im not really sure. It is likely to be connected with remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, which is involved in learning and memory because neurons learn by changing their physical connections with other neurons. Further than that Ill have to investigate more during IAP, when Ill be working at the lab 40 hours a week. I got my UROP at the beginning of sophomore year, when I went through the faculty research interests of MIT biology professors to see which professors were doing interesting research. I emailed about 10 professors, and interviewed with two Ive been working in Morgans lab ever since. I get paid $10 an hour, and since Im a workaholic who works 15 hours a week during term well, you do the math. ;) I work directly with a postdoctoral associate in Morgans lab, although I do meet with Morgan somewhat frequently to discuss both my research and my schoolwork Morgan is also my biology faculty advisor. On a day-to-day basis, I work independently after working in the lab for two and a half years, I know what Im doing in a technical sense, but I still consult with my postdoc about experimental design and the further direction of the project. Still, the two-hybrid is my project my postdoc has other projects of his own that he works on with his lab tech, but the two-hybrid is all me. Other Questions: 1. Shannon asked if Eric Lander (the god of the Human Genome project and intro biology instructor) takes UROPs. In fact he does; I have a friend, Dennis 06, whos been in Landers lab for several years now. Almost all professors take UROPs at some point after all, were much cheaper than grad students. 2. Anonymous asked if Stanford was grade-inflated. Well, I dont have any personal experience with Stanfords grading, although I have heard through the grapevine that its inflated. I dont think that causes Stanford students to have problems getting into good grad programs, however! 3. Alexandre asked if it was possible to go to grad school in course 8 (physics) if one went to MIT for undergrad. My friend Fadam 07, a course 8 undergrad, says that the department does accept MIT undergrads, but that its often harder for MIT undergrads to get into the MIT program than it is for them to get into similarly-ranked programs. I dont think this should be a factor in the decision to come to MIT. 4. Japanther, Katie, and zoogies observed that 4000 students is perhaps not a small school. I guess medium-sized might have been a better adjective, but 4000 undergrads is certainly a great deal smaller than the other school to which I considered going, Ohio State (50,000!). I think it seems smaller sometimes than it is oftentimes there arent so many degrees of separation between people.

Faithless Fools - Literature Essay Samples

â€Å"That remark you just made: ‘Not to be so ashamed of myself, for that is the cause of everything’ – it’s as if you pierced me right through and read inside me. That is exactly how it all seems to me, when I walk into a room, that I’m lower than anyone else, and that everyone takes me for a buffoon, so ‘Why not, indeed, play the buffoon, I’m not afraid of your opinions, because you’re all, to a man, lower than me!’ That’s why I’m a buffoon, I’m a buffoon out of shame, great elder, out of shame. I act up just because I’m insecure. If only I were sure, when I came in, that everyone would take me at once for the most pleasant and intelligent of men – oh Lord! What a good man I’d be! Teacher!† he suddenly threw himself on his knees, â€Å"what should I do to inherit eternal life?† It was hard even now to tell whether he was joking or was indeed greatly moved.† The Brothers Karamazov, Fyodor Dostoevsky, p. 43-44â€Å"It seems to me that I am constantly being taken for a fool, and because of that I actually become a fool, I am not afraid of your opinions! That’s why I’m a fool – from spite and defiance. I am rowdy because of a lack of trust. It was difficult to decide if he were fooling, or if he actually was depreciating himself.† The Notebooks for The Brothers Karamazov, Fyodor Dostoevsky, p. 28â€Å"1) You have me just now with your remark: ‘Don’t be ashamed so much of yourself, because everything comes from that.’ With that remark you have sort of seen right through me and have read what’s inside of me. It is precisely in that way that it seems to me when I enter a room full of people, when I enter somewhere that I am baser than all of them, and that they rake me for a fool – well, if that’s so I will really play the fool [for them], to show them that I’m not afraid of their opinions, because all of them, every single one, is more of a fool baser than I am! That’s why I play the fool precisely from shame, fool, great Elder, from shame. I make a row from mistrust alone. If only I were sure that when I walked in I would be considered extremely pleasant and intelligent right away – my God – what a good man I would be then!It was difficult to determine then and now, whether he was joking or was really experiencing a change of heart?† The Notebooks for The Brothers Karamazov, Fyodor Dostoevsky, p. 44-45Dostoevsky’s notebooks for the Brothers Karamazov contain the essential ideas and motivations behind the story of the novel. Scenes are transformed from abstract visions in the notebooks to their dramatic incarnations in the novel. Many key ideas, later adopted by specific characters and circumstances, appear in the notebooks as conceptions alone. The way Dostoevsky worked from ideas to details, fr om internal conflict to narrative personification – highlights his internal struggle. We see in the notebooks personal questions, conflicts, and gestures that only take shape later. In one section, Dostoevsky asks of himself simply, â€Å"why live if not for one’s pride?† (BK 38) In their original form, these loosely defined formations flow right from the author’s own sense of inner turmoil and questioning. Formulations appear as fragments, apparent notations to the author of unresolved questions. Tracing dialogue in the novel back to its corresponding germination brings Dostoevsky’s larger project into sharper focus, for it is clear that his ideas are what led him to the novel’s details and not vice versa. (Wasiolek, 18) Dostoevsky’s central conflict is personal. He is searching for a confirmation of his religious faith. And yet this conflict acquires an eternal dimension in the novel; it becomes a struggle to reconcile fait h and suffering, to rescue Christian orthodoxy from aesthetic nihilism. In this way, the circumstances of the novel are born of sublime inquiry. Specificities of character and conflict â€Å"stand for more than themselves; infinity attends them; though yes, they remain individuals, they expand to embrace it and summon it to embrace them.† Fyodor Pavlovich Karamazov plays the role in The Brothers Karamazov of the bitter buffoon: insecure sensualist, reckless drunk, careless father. It is only at the commencement of the novel that the head of the Karamazov clan is being reunited with his dysfunctional family for the first time. Fyodor’s tendencies oscillate between desperate extremes of temperament. Companions beg Fyodor to behave himself but he seems unable to act other than an ape. Buffoonish outbursts serve to reveal the complicated composition of a man we might otherwise simply label ‘the fool.’ Fyodor is not just â€Å"a monster of wickedness existing solely on the level of his insatiable appetites; he is clever and cynical†¦and he is shown to have strange velleities that suggest some concealed modicum of inner life.† In one outburst, which takes place in the Elder Zosima’s cell, Fyodor reveals the intention behind his outward affectation. He declares that feelings of insecurity motivate him to preempt others from labeling him a fool by playing the part intentionally. To examine the contradictions that litter this speech is to search for Dostoevsky’s sense of the â€Å"inner life† of the fool. For it is precisely in outwardly saying one thing that Dostoevsky’s â€Å"fool† divulges his true, quite contradictory, motivations.In the Elder’s cell, along with his sons Ivan and Alyosha, Fyodor is gathered with his cousin Miusov and a small group of monks. Fyodor has been apologizing with profuse theatrics for the lateness of his son, Dmitri, when he is affected suddenl y by the Elder Zosima’s command. Zosima beseeches Fyodor not to be ashamed of himself, since shame â€Å"is the cause of everything.† Fyodor’s initial response is sarcastic and guarded. He says that he is â€Å"touched† by this sentiment, but warns the â€Å"blessed father† that others need to be protected from his natural state. Midway through his speech, Fyodor appears affected by a sudden change of heart. At this point he claims that Father Zosima’s warning has pierced through to his soul with its reading of his internal motivations. Fyodor admits that he is, indeed, ashamed, and that his shame comes from a feeling of inadequacy: â€Å"This is exactly how it all seems to me, when I walk into a room, that I’m lower than anyone else, and that everyone takes me for a buffoon† If only he could feel sure, Fyodor claims, that men would take him to be â€Å"most pleasant and intelligent† he would behave accordingly. But since they do not, and take him for a fool, Fyodor plays the part. Two separate entries in Dostoevsky’s notebooks correspond precisely to this monologue, along with several other relevant fragments. Careful examination of these two entries reveals important transformations of this speech from its origins to its final form. Dostoevsky colors rather vague ideas with keen psychological insight, exposing otherwise hidden inclinations. Take, for example, a single sentence from the notebooks: â€Å"It seems to me that I am constantly being taken for a fool, and because of that I actually become a fool.† And compare it to a nearly identical implementation in the novel: â€Å"That is exactly how it all seems to me, when I walk into a room†¦that everyone takes me for a buffoon, so ‘Why not, indeed, play the buffoon†¦?’† While the use of â€Å"buffoon† and â€Å"fool† is apparently interchangeable, one change is striking. Perc eiving that others take him to be a fool, Fyodor â€Å"actually becomes† one in the notebooks, while he â€Å"plays† the fool in the novel. In a later passage of the notebooks, Dostoevsky also substitutes the notion of playing versus actually becoming a fool. This difference is subtle but essential, for to â€Å"play† the fool implies a certain deliberation and intention that one who more passively â€Å"becomes† a fool does not have. Such a slight alteration in word choice adds a dimension of psychological intuition that is absent in the notebooks, the likes of which characterize Dostoevsky’s portrayal of complex characters throughout The Brothers Karamazov. Fyodor acts the role of the buffoon in order to assert a sort of power, ensuring that others will judge him according to the image he puts forth of himself. His self-dramatization amounts to an â€Å"ordering of the world according to one’s own patterns,† rejecting any exte rnally imposed judgments of his character. Two important consistencies of this passage between the notebooks and the novel accentuate contradictions between Fyodor’s spoken words and inner insecurities. Separate notebook entries, as well as the passage in the novel, contain the declaration, â€Å"I am not afraid of your opinions.† While other parts of the passage are expanded and modified, this phrase remains unaltered. Fyodor’s claim that he does not fear what others think of him is followed immediately by the admission that a fear of judgment provokes his buffoonish act. This contradiction underscores an essential aspect of Dostoevsky’s fool – he says precisely the opposite of what he means, and is so consumed with â€Å"aggressive shame† that he lapses from thought to thought without realizing his own foil. A second consistency indicates the spiritual conflict motivating the buffoon. Though missing from this passage’s first iteration in the notebook, it appears in the second as follows: â€Å"If only I were sure that when I walked in I would be considered extremely pleasant and intelligent right away – my God – what a good man would I be then!† In the novel, this phrase reads: â€Å"If only I were sure, when I came in, that everyone would take me at once for the most pleasant and intelligent of men – oh Lord! what a good man I’d be!† Fyodor appeals to the Lord for a sort of faith that he lacks, one that would endow him with a feeling of comfort and belonging. His desperate cry – â€Å"oh Lord!† – underscores the internal conflict in the outsider â€Å"on the battlefield of his heart† between â€Å"God and the Devil.† If only Fyodor could acquire the intuitive faith he cries out for, he would not feel so exposed by Zosima’s command â€Å"not to be ashamed.† Father Zosima bestows â€Å"Christ’s sil ent kiss† upon the outsider, the disbeliever, the fool: challenging the tenability of a faithless position and shaming him into buffoonery. The notebooks grant the reader insight into the evolution of Dostoevsky’s thought concerning the foolish outsider, consumed by his own self-dramatization. Though he lacks faith, he reaches out for it. Fyodor is ashamed of himself in front of faith, unable to act authentically, paralyzed by suspicion of others and what they might think of him. Here one might point to a warning â€Å"against Nietzschean ‘superman’ theories,† and the position acquired by man after the death of faith and God. Fyodor’s buffoonery demonstrates that, without a trusting belief in something absolute, there is no possibility for morality. It is for this reason that Fyodor is cast as an pariah: Dostoevsky wants to underscore the danger of a God-less morality for the demand it makes on the self. To assert oneself with immutable authority requires a faith in oneself that, to Dostoevsky, amounts to an unthinkable burden. Fyodor cannot bear this burden, and as a result is paralyzed by his own self-loathing. But Fyodor is no mere or simple fool. The crisis of faith that leads to his many contradictions give his character an inner complexity. To give such dimension to someone that most in The Brothers Karamazov are content to demean and cast aside is a way for Dostoevsky â€Å"to dare everything and say everything. For if the voices of his nihilistic heroes were also his voice, if his dark heroes were as much a part of him as his light heroes, then he had decided to confess everything†¦to let his unbelief speak to his belief, his doubts to his convictions.† This daring begins in the notebooks, with Dostoevsky’s own self-questioning, and reaches its fullest expression in the dialogue and actions of his intricate characters. Works CitedBelknap, Robert L. The Structure of The Brothers Ka ramazov. Slavistic Printings and Reprintings, 72. The Hague: Mouton, 1967. Dostoevsky, Fyodor. The Brothers Karamazov. Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky, eds. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1990.Frank, Joseph. Dostoevsky: The Mantle of the Prophet, 1871-1881. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2002.Forster, E.M. Aspects of the Novel. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1985.Pachmus, Temira. â€Å"Soviet Studies of Dostoevsky, 1935-1956.† Slavic Review. XXI/4, 1962, pp. 709-721.Trahan, Elizabeth Welt. â€Å"The Golden Age – Dream of a Ridiculous Man?† The Slavic and East European Journal. III/4, 1959, pp. 349-371.Wasiolek, Edward, editor and translator. The Notebooks for The Brothers Karamazov. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1971.

How to Conjugate the French Verb Promener (to Walk)

Future Reform of Healthcare Medical Records - 1419 Words

Future Medical Record Reform By 2030, we can predict that traditional paper and manually recorded medical records will be ancient history and that universal technical systems will be in place. EHRs (electronic health records) systems are collections of digital medical records kept by health care facilities and affiliates such as hospitals, doctors offices, and insurance companies (Lynn, 2011). The intention of the EHR system is to extend health information technology into the realm of patient record keeping and automated healthcare processes (Kumar Aldrich, 2010). A patients entire medical history can be converted to digital format and stored securely for use by various entities over time. EHRs eliminate vast paper trails condensing pertinent information into electronic form (Obama, 2009). Records are easily retrievable and enable patients to navigate through the healthcare system in a safer and more efficient manner (Lynn, 2011). EHRs allow for a higher level of standardization, security and improved privacy f or patient information. EHR records include new patient information as well as older records, generally pre-2000, which have been scanned and stored in a graphic format or as Adobe PDF documents (Gagnon, et al., 2010). This includes x-rays, test results, prescription histories, ultrasounds and MRIs which were formally recorded by hand and often illegible and subject to fading and damage over time (Kumar Aldrich, 2010). The top benefit is immediate access toShow MoreRelatedGovernment Policies Affecting Healthcare Costs1697 Words   |  7 Pagescontrol the costs of healthcare. Consequently, a major change in government policy took effect in 2010, with additional implementation in 2014, which is known as Obamacare. 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The Declaration of Independence Free Essay Example, 1000 words

The Declaration of Independence as the single most significant event (from 1450 to 1887) of The Declaration of Independence as the single most significant event (from 1450 to 1887) The United States of America is undoubtedly the most powerful and one of the most advanced countries in the world. It is obvious that this status was the result of taking on the status of an independent nation in 1776. A series of events and prior to this event had occurred with regard to America and subsequently the United States over the years. The paper is an essay thesis regarding the significance of the Declaration of Independence with a timeframe that lies between the years 1450 and 1887. Thesis statement: The Declaration of Independence is the most significant event that has happened in the history of the region and the nation and hence should not be given a lesser status as a fight for equal rights and justice. â€Å"Drafted by Thomas Jefferson between June 11 and June 28, 1776, the Declaration of Independence is at once the nations most cherished symbol of liberty and Jeffersons most enduring monument† (National Archives n. d)1.We will write a custom essay sample on The Declaration of Independence or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now A study of literature reveals that the fundamental principles embedded in the Declaration of Independence are the concepts of freedom, independence and interdependence (Armitage)2 are the components of liberty. This provides solid evidence of its significance as to being the most important of all American documents which includes all the concepts mentioned above. It is argued that the three concepts which form the foundation of the Declaration is extremely significant when compared to other events that occurred in the country. The article by Armitage provides examples of the three concepts as given below. The Declaration of Independence wanted the America to become a free and independent state, the freedom to indulge in all acts that a free nation state indulges in, have the legitimate authority to do so, and interdependence in the form of free trade and interaction with other nation states. As one author puts it, the Declaration of Independence was for independence and not for rights (Garry 2012)3. The author goes on to add that the founding fathers responsible for the Declaration were not sufficiently informed about the concepts of natural rights and hence the argument for independence and liberty. The Declaration of Independence and the wordings in the actual document had an influence in the eventual abolition of slavery in the country. For example, people and groups across the United States, especially in the North justified abolition on one of the central concepts of the Declaration.

Robert Frost 3 Poem Comparison Essay - 1236 Words

â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening†, â€Å"Birches†, and â€Å"The Road Not Taken† Robert Frost was an American poet that first became known after publishing a book in England. He soon came to be one of the best-known and loved American poets ever. He often wrote of the outdoors and the three poems that I will compare are of that â€Å"outdoors† type. There are several likenesses and differences in these poems. They each have their own meaning; each represent a separate thing and each tell a different story. However, they are all indicative of Frost’s love of the outdoors, his true enjoyment of nature and his wistfulness at growing old. He seems to look back at youth with a sad longing. Each of these three poems are alike in that they are all about†¦show more content†¦He talks of when he was a â€Å"swinger of birches† and how he dreams of being one again. He knows that this is not a reality for him. 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Significance of Personality Development for a Student Free Essays

Recently, a student approached me seeking help to resolve his personal problems. He was finding it difficult to concentrate during classes and scoring even pass marks in the exams had become a herculean task. A casual enquiry revealed that he was almost starving and severely malnutritioned because of his dislike for the hostel mess food. We will write a custom essay sample on Significance of Personality Development for a Student or any similar topic only for you Order Now He would skip breakfast, eat sparingly at night and satisfy his appetite instead at the night canteen with coffee and noodles. This case is not very different from the stories of hundreds of students I have had the opportunity to counsel in the past six years. I have always noticed that most of the students’ academic problems can be traced to imbalances in the personal lifestyle which is often taken for granted. Many parents and teachers fail to make this simple connection and also to impress upon students the need for a balanced lifestyle. Indian society and the education system must veer away from the obsessive focus on marks ranks, if we want to unleash the full potential of our youth and allow them to grow in a more natural way, pursuing their inborn talents and interests. A host of common behavioural problems noticed in kids and adolescents can be prevented or cured if a foundation is laid at an early age towards holistic personality development. Multiple Intelligence In this article, I will make use of the concept of Multiple Intelligence developed by Dr. Howard Gardner[i], Hobbs Professor of Cognition and Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. Dr. Gardner talks of different aspects of intelligence possessed by every human being and why it is important to develop each one of them to achieve a balanced personality. I will also attempt to illustrate how Indian tradition has always emphasized on such all round growth of the human being through the knowledge systems like yoga, ayurveda; through schools of philosophy spirituality like the darsanas or vedangas and even through classical art forms like music or dance. Physical Intelligence Lack of regular physical activity and regime is perhaps the biggest epidemic afflicting the students in India today. The rat race for marks and ranks leaves little time or motivation for the average student to go out and spend some time at the gymnasium or in the playground. The university campus where I reside has a massive playground, a well-equipped gym, a basketball court, a tennis court and to top it all, one of the biggest swimming pools in South India. And yet, hardly 500 students come out to play or exercise every day, out of the 5,000 strong student community on this campus. No wonder then that a majority of the students who approach me with problems of poor concentration, motivation in studies are those who belong to the couch potato category. Had Swami Vivekananda been with us today, he would have declared again what he told that group of emasculated youngsters who approached him with a request to learn the Bhagavad Gita under his guidance: â€Å"You will be nearer to heaven through football than by reading the Gita. † But there is a significant positive trend happening in schools and colleges across India. Just as the number of obese and overweight kids is on the rise, so is there a growing interest in systems of yoga. What better proof of this than the fact that the mainstream political class in Tamilnadu which takes pride usually in hating everything that is rooted in Hindu tradition, has been instrumental in making yoga compulsory across all schools in the state! Or consider for example the experience of the Vivekananda Kendra in popularizing Surya Namaskara amongst schools all over India, particularly in Madhya Pradesh. Students who have attended the Yoga Vargas or the Samskara Vargas conducted by the Kendra vouch for the marked transformation in personality that the regular practice Surya Namaskara has effected in them. There is palpable strengthening of will power and confidence in these students. Parents and Schools should therefore reconsider the unhealthy trade off which they ask students to make between the time given to physical activities and studies. Linguistic Intelligence Even a cursory look at the placement scenario in professional colleges makes it amply clear that all corporations today emphasize the need for good communication skills and they prefer recruits with better communication skills in English. Communication skill has a great impact on our interpersonal relationships. A person who can communicate effectively and clearly is less likely to create communication gaps which lead to serious misunderstandings. Good communication skills and proficiency in many languages improves one’s reach amongst peers and enhances one’s social acceptance and prestige. It is an interesting fact that great spiritual leaders like Swami Vivekananda were masters of the art of communication. India’s rich literary and oral heritage is yet another illustration of this point; our forefathers understood the significance of developing linguistic intelligence. Musical Intelligence The study and practice of music was considered as a sacred form of worship in Indian tradition – Naadopasana. Perhaps, music is the most beautiful facet of human civilization. Sri Ramakrishna was particularly fond of Swami Vivekananda’s melodious voice and his soulful singing. Sri Ramakrishna would attain Samadhi on listening to devotional music. I often come across students who are addicted to music. Many of them turn out to be class toppers! They listen to their favourite music even the night before their semester exams! We do not need an expert in music therapy to tell us this obvious fact that music not only relaxes the mind but also brings about far reaching physiological and neurological changes in the body-mind complex over a period of time. Interpersonal Intelligence How do you measure a person’s level of emotional maturity and growth? Primarily by the way he conducts himself in civilized society and the treatment he accords to others. Corporations today emphasize again on relationship skills which are considered critically important for an individual to rise in the hierarchy of the organization. A CEO with poor relationship skills is either a non-existent oxymoron or a disaster for the organization. All religious values are centred on building relationship skills on the basis of a spiritual understanding of what connects one human being to another. â€Å"The essence of religion is to be good and do good to others,† said Swami Vivekananda. The Mahabharata declares Ahimsa to be the greatest dharma because the rishis perceived that all life is interconnected. You cannot harm others without harming yourself. If this profound truth is impressed upon our students from a young age, there will not be much need for all the fuss we hear about value education today. Many social or national evils like corruption or caste discrimination are results of a lifestyle that seeks personal aggrandisement at the cost of and complete indifference to the plight of our fellow human beings. If only our education gives greater weightage to building relationship skills amongst students, the India of our dreams would not have to wait for the year 2020. Intrapersonal Intelligence Conventional psychology would look down upon an introvert as a person with poor relationship skills. Not today. Howard Gardner and new schools of thought have begun to understand the reason why Indians give such respect to Munis and Yogis who withdraw from the world. An introvert who spends much time trying to understand his deeper self will also become capable of understanding others from a compassionate viewpoint. Intrapersonal Intelligence is the new marker developed to give due weightage to this important aspect of our personality development and grooming. A person who runs away from his own self all the while trying to substitute his inner vacuum with external pursuits or superficial relationships is heading for a crisis. The extrovert’s sense of identity and esteem is highly dependent on others’ views of his personality. An introvert is a person who is striving to arrive at a state where he can feel good or be content without having to seek an external confirmation of his well-being. Logical Mathematical Intelligence (IQ) Development of Logical Mathematical Intelligence is often given disproportional weightage in the development of a student’s personality. While IQ does play a significant role in the life of every human being, what was perhaps overlooked till recently was that IQ alone does not make a person complete nor is it the only parameter for measuring a person’s potential for success or happiness in life. A person with a poor IQ may be more than compensated by a high emotional intelligence. This is the reason why we see many school dropouts becoming highly successful entrepreneurs in India where as many IIM graduates disappear into oblivion after getting an MBA degree! Conclusion We know through Swami Vivekananda’s writings that he considered two things to be of great importance in personality development: a) Preference to the ‘Heart’ over the ‘Head’ b) The role of the Guru in shaping a student’s personality and the importance of living in the proximity of the Guru or Gurugrihavasa. Swamiji’s views based on Vedantic wisdom have stood the test of time. All that is destructive in human civilization is a result of a sharp brain with an undeveloped heart. Human civilization suffers from an excess of materialistic IQ devoid of EQ and SQ. And the only place where a student can be systematically trained to nurture his EQ SQ is at the gurukula under the supervision of a wise master. As a teacher, perhaps it would be self-righteous on my part to claim that a teacher plays the most vital role in a student’s personal growth. But, as a student of the school of life, I cannot but reiterate this eternal law – only a spark can ignite another spark, only life can inspire another life. Modern schools of thought like the Multiple Intelligence model discussed here further validate the wisdom that Vedantic knowledge and tradition have bequeathed to us through Atmavidya and the Guru parampara. (The author is Assistant Professor and Coordinator of the Cultural Education Programme at Amrita University in Coimbatore, Tamilnadu. He is a Trustee of the International Forum for India’s Heritage and Resource Person for the Human Excellence Project of the Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan Coimbatore Kendra. He is also a students’ counsellor for the Samvedna Helpline, a project of the corporate social responsibility wing of Tata Teleservices. ) How to cite Significance of Personality Development for a Student, Papers

Don Juan Analysis Essay Example For Students

Don Juan Analysis Essay A monologue from the play by Moliere NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from The Dramatic Works of Moliere, Vol. II. Ed. Charles Heron Wall. London: George Bell Sons, 1898. SGANARELLE: If you knew the man as I do, you would find it no hard matter to believe. I have no proof as yet. You know that I was ordered to start before him, and we have had no talk together since his arrival; but it is as a kind of warning that I tell you, inter nos, that you see in Don Juan, my master, one of the greatest scoundrels that ever trod the earth; a madman, a dog, a demon, a Turk, a heretic who believes neither in heaven, saints, God, nor devil; who spends his life like a regular brute, an epicurean hog; a true Sardanapalus, who shuts up his ears against all the admonitions that can be made to him, and who laughs at everything we believe in. You say that he has married your mistress; believe me, in order to satisfy his passion, he would have done more, and married along with her not only yourself, but her dog and her cat into the bargain. A marriage is nothing to him: it is the grand snare he makes use of to catch the fair sex. He is a wholesale marriage-monger; gentlew omen, young girls, middle-class women, peasant lasses, nothing is either too hot or too cold for him; and if I were to tell you the names of all those he has married in different places, the chapter would last from now till midnight. You seem surprised, and you grow pale; yet this is but a mere outline of the man, and to make a finished portrait we should require many more vigorous touches. Let it be sufficient that the wrath of Heaven must sooner or later make an end of him. He cannot escape; and it would be better for me to belong to the devil than to him. I am the witness of so much evil that I could wish him to be I dont know where. But if a great lord is also a wicked man, it is a terrible thing. I must be faithful to him, whatever I may think; in me fear takes the place of zeal, curbs my feelings, and often compels me to applaud what I most detest. Here he is, coming for a walk in this palace; let us part. But, listen: I have told you this in all frankness, and it has slipped rather quickly out of my mouth; but, if anything of what I have said should reach his ears, I would stoutly maintain that you have told a lie.

Individual Behaviour Essay Example

Individual Behaviour Essay ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR MSC 42102 Individual Processes Attitude and Values Organizational Behavior Submitted To :Submitted By : Dr. Pramod PathakAjit Vinod Kujur Manwendra Prakash Anshul Rawat Prateek Purty Prateeksha Maurya Individual Processes Individual behavior is how we as individuals behave ourselves. This behavior is subject to many personal traits as well as habits, values, perceptions, and other qualities and features. People make assumptions about those whom they work with, supervise, or spend time with in leisure activities. To some extent, these assumptions influence the person’s behavior towards others. Effective employees understand what affects their own behavior before attempting to influence the behavior of others. Individual behavior is the foundation of organizational performance. Understanding individual behavior, therefore, is crucial for effective management. Each person is a physiological system composed of a number of subsystems- attitudes, perception, personality, needs, values and feelings. Attitude A tendency to feel behave in a particular way towards objects, people or events. Characteristics Remain unchanged for a long period unless influenced by external forces * Evaluative statements favorable or  unfavorable Components * Cognitive the opinions, values or  beliefs of an individual * Affective the feelings of a person towards something * Behavioral the intention of a person to behave in a particular way Sources of  Attitude * Attitudes are acquired by parents, teache rs, peer group members * Individuals are willing to modify their  behavior shape their attitude to match with the opinion leader   * Attitude can be changed by providing feedback We will write a custom essay sample on Individual Behaviour specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Individual Behaviour specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Individual Behaviour specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Types of  Attitude * Job satisfaction * The pleasurable or positive emotional state that results when an individual evaluates his job or job experience. Dimensions * It is an emotional response to a job. * The satisfaction that an individual derives from his  job depends on the extent to which outcomes meet his expectations. * Job satisfaction reflects other attitudes of employee. * 6 dimensions (P. C. Smith, L. M Kendall, C. L. Hulin) i. e. 1) The work 2) The pay 3) Promotion 4) Opportunity 5) Supervision 6) Co-worker 7) Working conditions Job Involvement * The extent to which person identifies himself psychologically with his job, actively participates in it considers that his performance in the job contribute to his self worth * Organizational Commitment * An employee’s satisfaction with a particular  organization its goals OC is affected by a number of * Personal variables – employee’s age, attitude towards job. * Organizational variables job design, leadership style of the superior. John P. Meyer Natalie J. Allen gave 3 component model i. . * Affective commitment – It is concerned with employee’s emotional attachment involvement with the organization * Continuance commitment – It is influenced by the costs that could accrue to the employee if he leaves the org * Normative commitment – It refers to the extent to which an employee feels obliged to continue in the organization. Functions of Attitudes * The adjustment function * People modify their attitudes to adjust to their work environment * When fair treatment is given – positive attitude When treatment is not good – negative attitude * Ego-defensive function * Attitudes help employee to defend their self  image when mistake identified protects their ego * The value expressive function * Values can be expressed through attitudes E. g. if mgr wants employee to work hard may tell company has a tradition of hard work. * The knowle dge function * Attitudes act as a standard of reference which allows people to understand explain their environment. E. g. Union leader’s attitude towards management based on past. Attitudes Consistency * People may change their attitude do not contradict their action * If any discrepancy arises, individuals will try to bridge the discrepancy by developing a rational explanation for  the discrepancy. Cognitive Dissonance Theory – Leon Festinger (1950s) * Cognitive dissonance Incompatibility that an individual may perceive between 2 or more of his attitudes or between his behavior and attitude. * Emotional dissonance Conflict between the emotions an individual experiences emotions he needs to express An individual can deal with dissonance either by * Sticking to his attitude * Give up his attitude * Change the attitude Values Values are enduring beliefs that a specific mode of conduct or end state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end state of existence. Values in the Workplace * Stable, evaluative beliefs that guide our preferences * Define right or wrong, good or bad * Value system hierarchy of values Values and Behavior Habitual behavior usually consistent with values, but conscious behavior less so because values are abstract constructs * Decisions and behavior are linked to values when: * Mindful of our values have logical reasons to apply values in that situation * Situation does not interfere Values Congruence * Used where two or more entities have similar value systems * Problems with incongruence * Incompatible decisions * Lower satisfaction/loyalty * Higher stress and turnover Benefits of incongruence * Bett er decision making (diverse perspectives) * Avoids â€Å"corporate cults† Values across Cultures: Individualism and Collectivism * Degree that people value duty to their group (collectivism) versus independence and person uniqueness (individualism) * Previously considered opposites, but unrelated i. e. possible to value high individualism and high collectivism Ethical Behavior Ethical Behavior means acting in ways consistent with one’s personal values and the commonly held values of the organization and society. Qualities Required for Ethical Decision-making * The competence to identify ethical issues and evaluate the consequences of alternative courses of action. The self-confidence to seek out different opinions about the issue and decide what is right in terms of a situation. * Tough-mindedness the willingness to make decisions when all that needs to be known cannot be known and when the ethical issue has no established, unambiguous solution. Values, Ethics Ethical Behavior * Value Systems systems of beliefs that affect what the individual de fines as right, good, and fair * Ethics reflects the way values are acted out * Ethical behavior actions consistent with one’s values

A Profile of Photographer Zana Briski, Director of Born Into Brothels

A Profile of Photographer Zana Briski, Director of Born Into Brothels In the late 1990s, Zana Briski, a London-born Cambridge University theology student turned photographer, ventured to India to document, as she puts it, the particular hells that women can go through - sex selective abortion, dowry deaths, the treatment of widows, child marriages. It was never her intention, she says, to photograph prostitutes - until, that is, she was introduced to Sonagachi, the red light district of Calcutta. When I entered the red-light district I had a very strong feeling of recognition and I knew that this was why I had come to India, she says in an e-mail interview. I spent two years gaining access - it took me that long to be offered a room in a brothel so I could live there. I photographed the women when conditions allowed and spent day after day just hanging around, watching, listening. Fate took yet another turn when Briski began interacting with the children of the prostitutes. I would play with the children and let them use my camera. They wanted to learn photography - that was their idea not mine. So I bought point-and-shoot film cameras and chose several kids who were most eager and committed and started to teach them in formal classes, she says. From the very first class, she adds, I knew something special was happening and that I needed to film what was going on. I had never picked up a video camera before, but I bought one and started filming as I was teaching the kids and living in the brothel. Eventually Briski persuaded her friend, filmmaker Ross Kauffman, to join her in India. Over the next two years the pair documented Briskis efforts not just to teach the children photography, but to get them into good schools where they might have a chance at a more hopeful future. The result was Born Into Brothels, a gritty and poignant account of Briskis time with the red-light kids of Calcutta, as they came to be known. At turns joyous and heartbreaking, the film focuses on eight of the kids in particular, including Kochi, a painfully shy girl who almost certainly faces a life in prostitution unless she can escape the poverty and despair of Sonagachi and gain admission to a boarding school; and Avijit, the most gifted of Briskis students who nonetheless nearly gives up on photography after his mother is murdered. With the kind of eloquence that comes only from children, Avijit tells an interviewer early in the film, there is nothing called hope in my future. Shot on a shoestring budget, in a setting light years from Hollywood, Brothels might have languished in obscurity. But the film not only garnered raves from critics; it won the 2004 Academy Award for best documentary feature. Meanwhile, a book of the childrens photos was published and Briski set up a foundation, Kids With Cameras, to help pay for their schooling. Sadly, fairy-tale endings are all-too rare. Even with funding and encouragement not all of the red light kids, now young adults, have fared well in the intervening years. Briski confirmed a BBC report that one of the girls featured in the film later became a prostitute. She did so by choice and I respect her choice, Briski says. I dont consider that a failure or a shame. I trust she knows what is best for her. But many of the other children did go on to school in India, some even in the United States. Briski said Kochi studied at a prestigious school in Utah for several years before returning to India to finish her education. And recently Avijit, the child prodigy in Brothels, graduated from NYUs film school. Amazing, Briski says. I am so proud of him and all he has accomplished. Most people, having won an Oscar for their very first film, might be expected to continue on that path. But Briski felt pulled to return to her first love, photography, and a project called Reverence, in which she photographs insects around the world. Asked why she chose not to continue with filmmaking, Briski, 45, says even after winning an Oscar I do not consider myself to be a documentary filmmaker or a journalist. I move through the world in an open way and I respond to what is around me. Born Into Brothels and Kids With Cameras were not planned in any way. They were a response to what I discovered in the world. Photography is my medium, she adds. I am a traditional black-and-white photographer and I still shoot film and work in the darkroom. Reverence, Briski says, came to her through dreams of a praying mantis. The experience was so strong that I had to pay attention. Strange praying mantis coincidences would happen and I began to follow the clues - clues that have taken her to 18 countries to photograph and film mantids and other insects over the past seven years. Currently shes photographing jaguars in Brazil. If all goes as planned, the culmination of Briskis work will be a traveling museum with large-scale photographs, film and music. The project, which Briski hopes to open when she receives enough funding, is about respect of all life forms and changing our point of view. Not so different, she adds, from what I did in the brothels - bringing attention to those who are feared, ignored, abused, from their point of view.

Sexual Reproduction - Gametes and Fertilization

Sexual Reproduction - Gametes and Fertilization Sexual Reproduction Individual organisms come and go, but, to a certain extent, organisms transcend time through producing offspring. Reproduction in animals occurs in two primary ways, through sexual reproduction and through asexual reproduction.  While most animal organisms reproduce by sexual means, some are also capable of reproducing asexually. Advantages and Disadvantages In sexual reproduction, two individuals produce offspring that inherit  genetic characteristics from both parents. Sexual reproduction introduces new gene combinations in a population through genetic recombination.  The influx of new gene combinations allows members of a species to survive adverse or deadly environmental changes and conditions. This is a major advantage that sexually reproducing organisms have over those that reproduce asexually. Sexual reproduction is also advantageous as it is a way to remove harmful gene mutations from a population through recombination. There are some disadvantages to sexual reproduction. Since a male and female of the same species are required to sexually reproduce, a considerable amount of time and energy is often spent in finding the right mate. This is especially important for animals that do not bear many young as the proper mate can increase the chances of survival for the offspring. Another disadvantage is that it takes longer for offspring to grow and develop in sexually reproducing organisms. In mammals, for example, it can take several months for offspring to be born and many more months or years before they become independent. Gametes In animals, sexual reproduction encompasses the fusion of two distinct gametes (sex cells) to form a zygote. Gametes are produced by a type of cell division called meiosis. In humans, gametes are produced in the male and female gonads.  When gametes unite in fertilization, a new individual is formed. Gametes are haploid containing only one set of chromosomes. For example, human gametes contain 23 chromosomes.  After fertilization, a  zygote is  produced from the union of an egg and sperm. The zygote is diploid,  containing two sets of 23 chromosomes for a total of 46 chromosomes. In the case of animals and higher plant species, the male sex cell  is relatively motile and usually has a flagellum. The female gamete is non-motile and relatively large in comparison to the male gamete. Types of Fertilization There are two mechanisms by which fertilization can take place. The first is external (the eggs are fertilized outside of the body) and  the second is internal (the eggs are fertilized within the female reproductive tract).  Ã‚  An egg is fertilized by a single sperm to ensure that the correct  chromosome  numbers are preserved.   In external fertilization, gametes are released into the environment (typically water) and are united at random. This type of fertilization is also referred to as spawning. In internal fertilization, gametes are united within the female. In birds and reptiles, the embryo matures outside of the body and is protected by a shell. In most mammals, the embryo matures within the mother. Patterns and Cycles Reproduction is not a continuous activity and is subject to certain patterns and cycles. Oftentimes these patterns and cycles may be linked to environmental conditions which allow organisms to reproduce effectively. For example, many animals have estrous cycles that occur during certain parts of the year so that offspring can typically be born under favorable conditions. Humans, however, do not undergo estrous cycles but menstrual cycles. Likewise, these cycles and patterns are controlled by hormonal cues. Estrous can also be controlled by other seasonal cues such as rainfall. All of these cycles and patterns allow organisms to manage the relative expenditure of energy for reproduction and maximize the chances of survival for the resulting offspring.

George H.W. Bush Presidency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

George H.W. Bush Presidency - Essay Example ("Like") On the other hand, President Bush had his own shares of defeat. In the 1980 Republican presidential nominations, he was unsuccessful in winning the bid. But in 1981, he served as the country's vice president for eight years under the Reagan administration. And it was only in 1988 when he had finally won the Republican nomination for President, for which he took Dan Quayle as his running mate during the election. ("Bush") Unlike his predecessor, Bush arrived at the presidency with considerable knowledge about the ways of Washington and experience with leading a staff closely similar to the president's own. (Relyea, 1997) On the other hand, there have been several criticisms regarding his governance when people had thought he learned from his predecessors. The book written by Hess clearly shows the abilities of the presidents who assumes the office and their unique personalities towards their responsibilities. Presidents are assumed to have very little knowledge and understanding, as well as very limited skills in running a government. The actual responsibilities of the office are but unclear to them on the onset of the term. However, these abilities, skills and understanding of the responsibilities are often learned in the long run yet they could not escape the part where they will have to undergo a transition of imitation of the previous presidents. Their transition stage is crucial such that this is where the presidents will have to develop their own skills according to their traits and priorities which are vital in the development, performance, and course of the administration. (Borrelli, 2003) In congruence to this statement, Farrar-Myers at the same time notes that "Presidents often are tied to the legacy of the office holders who came before them. Sometimes a president assumes the office upon the death of his predecessor and, therefore, is expected at the start of his presidency to follow the predecessor's agenda until he is able to establish his own course." (Farrar-Myers, 2001) History could not deny this fact such that there had been several vice-presidents who had continued the agenda of their predecessors when they died or take their turns as president. Some of these are John Tyler; Chester Arthur; Harry Truman; and Lyndon Johnson, for example. (Farrar-Myers, 2001) There are also times though wherein presidents purposefully follow the agenda of their predecessors. They come to base their presidency according to an assumption that they will have to continue the same policy since the president before them at the same time followed the policies that the previous president has had before them. It is a choice that some of the presidents like James Madison following Jefferson; Martin Van Buren and James Polk as Jacksonian Democrats; William Taft's campaign (if not actual presidency) to follow in Theodore Roosevelt's progressivism; and, most recently, George Bush's election to carry on the Reagan Revolution. (Farrar-Myers, 2001) Based from Hess's suggestion, it could be derived that President Bush could have at one point imitated the administrative styles of his predecessors before he had gained his own unique style in running his

The Aga Khan Museum and the Ismaili Centre, Toronto Assignment

The Aga Khan Museum and the Ismaili Centre, Toronto - Assignment Example at Toronto is one of the many symbolic centers of the Ismaili community which act as a space of socio-cultural meeting, intellectual involvement, and spiritual reflection. They aim to connect the community, authorities, and the civil society. As such the Aga Khan Museum and the Ismaili center at Toronto is a place of congregation, described as a â€Å"jamatkhana†, a place of communal setting (The Ismaili, n.pag.). The architecture of the museum and the Ismaili center along with the design of the landscape confirms the Islamic heritage which the site promotes. Hence the Aga Khan Museum and the Ismaili Center is a place of social interaction that is situated in the context of the Ismaili culture, more specifically the Islamic identity. The Aga Khan Museum and Ismaili Center at Toronto represents a uniquely designed landmark which has a surrounding that is influenced by Islamic as well as regional cultures. The museum and the center therefore serve the purpose of the Islamic community in the broader context of the Canadian society. The architecture is deeply drawn from Islamic influences with gardens and parks surrounding the location arousing sentiments of friendship, peacefulness, and spirituality. There is a congregational hall in the Ismaili center which is a space for gathering of the community so as to promote mutual understanding and harmony. The design is greatly inspired by Islamic art and architecture with the park and garden being the most notable feature of Islamic art. A garden reflects a place of greenery and as such, symbolically represents a place of peace or reflection. The Aga Khan Museum and Ismaili center has a huge park located around it, which engenders a similar feeling of peace and spiritual ity. The park present near the museum is quite scenic and is a vital aesthetical component of the whole building. The museum and the center mean to represent peace and harmony and the surrounding park helps to consolidate the sense of peacefulness. In terms

Importance Of Energy Conservation Planning Construction Essay

Importance Of Energy Conservation Planning Construction Essay Background of the Problem In recent years, the number of buildings constructed using energy-saving designs hasincreased due to the increasing awareness of the benefits of energy conservation, both economic and environment. The recent rapid advances in computer technology have facilitated the development of energy-saving building designs by allowing detailed simulations, involving the incorporation of many energy-saving building techniques and features, to be conducted in the design stage. These techniques have been widely studied in terms of their design potential, however, there are very few studies concerning the actual post-construction performance of the design features and whether the overall building design does in fact provide significant energy savings. Energy conservation has been the utmost importance focus of agencies. It is the goal of this plan to reduce energy consumption to a minimum of 5-7% in all the borough facilities. The general approach presented in this draft depends on the cooperation and active participation of borough staff in the creation and implementation of a conservation strategy for two reasons: 1) staff have the knowledge and experience with specific facilities/operations to propose effective solutions and 2) staff support is essential for successful implementation. The plan would require a close working relationship and cooperation of borough staff. Time and resource demands on staff should be kept to a minimum and should not interfere with normal duties. Conservation plan should include an initial education component to inform staff of the existing energy use and trends for each facility and to describe the conservation plan and goals. Staff will be asked to help identify conservation strategies that can achieve that goal without unduly impairing existing operations and efficiencies. One or more meetings will be necessary to discuss staff ideas and agree on one or more conservation strategies. The coordinator and/or commission may be able to help implement strategies. Finally, energy usage should be documented to provide regular feedback to staff of each facility to judge success and allow adjustments. Energy conservation is considered a worthwhile goal because it conserves natural resources. The examples of CSDOC and Hyperion suggest that reductions in energy use can also lead to increased ability to comply with air emissions regulations. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas which is released by all wastewater treatment and bio-solids management processes. Converting bio-solids to fuel achieves. Substantial benefit from the wastes before carbon dioxide is ultimately released. In addition, non-renewable energy sources are replaced by renewable energy from wastewater. Goals of the Plan The initial aim of this plan is to have 1% savings in energy consumption in all of the office buildings (until such time when these buildings can conduct an energy conservation feasibility study to indicate more precise benchmarks/metrics). To support energy efficiencies at this location, energy conservation groups have partnered with the owners of these buildings. To this end, the owners shall adapt the goal of a 1% savings in energy until such time as an energy conservation feasibility study can be completed. In the meantime, energy conservation groups will conduct periodic utility awareness sessions with staff. As a minimum, these sessions will encourage the following actions, when practical: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Turn off lights when leaving the office, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Turn off outside lights during the day, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Turn off computers/monitors and office equipment at the end of the day, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Have TBPC set thermostats at 75-76 degrees in warm weather and 68-69 degrees in cool weather, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Keep blinds/curtains closed during hot summer days and open on sunny winter days, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ensure heating and air conditioning vents are not blocked, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ensure water faucets are completely closed, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Report water leaks immediately, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Use standby function on copiers, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Recycle paper. These sessions shall run for the first quarter of the year. At the end of each fiscal quarter, the Agency Energy Conservation Manager will coordinate with the representatives of each organization to compile and review the utility rates and costs for the buildings fair share portion of the said area for the previous quarter. The Agency Energy Conservation Manager will review the usage and expenditures incurred to determine if they vary abnormally. If so, a review will be conducted immediately to determine the cause. Another goal of this plan is to have a 2% increase in average fuel mileage for the fleet of three agency vehicles. The agencys goal for reducing vehicle fuel costs will be centered on miles per gallon (MPG) efficiency. In MPG Efficiency, our goal is to increase the fleet average mpg efficiency by 2% over the FY 2005 average of 6.25. This will be accomplished by emphasizing the agency vehicle preventive maintenance program and by increasing awareness of fuel efficient driving habits. To increase driver awareness of fuel efficient driving habits, each vehicle will have a copy of the fuel efficiency goals which include the following common sense guidelines: do not leave vehicle idling while stopped, no rapid acceleration from a standstill, maintain adequate tire pressures at all times, maintain engine tune-up and filter replacement recommended by manufacturer, make sure that transmission overdrive is working properly, Drive at 10% below the posted speed limit on major thoroughfares. Further, the energy conservation group will encourage staff to consolidate trips, when practical, to reduce overall fleet mileage by scheduling routine pickups/deliveries well in advance. Evaluation Evaluating a facility for energy efficiencies and adopting an energy conservation plan often result in increased treatment efficiency, along with the potential for increased treatment capacity, an increased ability to meet effluent limitations, reduced OM requirements, and reduced energy costs. The main requirement on the part of the tenants of these buildings is a commitment to spend the initial time needed to evaluate the system, to follow through with the development of an energy conservation plan, and to implement the plans recommendations. A number of U.S. facilities, including the Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission (WSSC) and the East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD) in the San Francisco Bay area, have developed and implemented energy conservation and management plans (Taylor 2005, Cohn 2005). These plans typically have the goal of reducing energy costs by a specified percentage. The key components of an effective energy management plan are: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Creating a system to track energy usage and costs à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Performing energy audits of major operations à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Upgrading equipment, systems, and controls, including facility and collection system improvements to increase energy efficiency à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Developing a cost-effective electric supply purchasing strategy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Optimizing load profiles by shifting operations where possible à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Developing in-house energy management training for operators Action Items Action Steps Timeline Creating a system to track energy usage and costs Gaining an understanding of where the energy is being used. Month 1 Performing Energy Audits of Major Operation Periodic Checking of Energy allocation Month 1 Upgrade of Equipments, Facilities, etc. Installing high-efficiency influent and effluent pumps, high-efficiency motors, and variable-frequency drives Discontinuing second-stage activated-sludge mixing Months 2-4 Upgrade of Equipments, Facilities, etc. Adding plastic balls to prevent heat loss and evaporation losses in the oxygen production vaporizer pit Tying in pipes on gas recirculation blowers to allow one blower to service two mixing tanks Months 2-4 There is still significant energy-saving potential in the public sector. For example, energy consumption by municipalities and institutions varies widely. The Government is insisting on the need for public administration to be cost-effective so that public money is used prudently. As a major procurer of energy-efficient products and as a large building administrator, the public sector can help to develop and promote the markets for energy-efficient products and solutions, including through the procurement of energy services. A recent study shows that there are a number of barriers to energy savings in the municipal sector. These have to do with economic management and organisation, lack of knowledge, and behaviour, among other factors. The municipal reform can help to break down these barriers. The new requirements for energy labelling of buildings will include a requirement for regular labelling of all public buildings, regardless of size. The energy labels of public buildings must be accessible to the public. Energy consumption be must regularly published on the Internet so that it is possible to conduct benchmarking between institutions. At the same time, suppliers of energy-efficient equipment and providers of energy services will have access to up-to-date information on market opportunities, which in turn will support the realisation of the savings potential. Although significant efforts have been made in recent years to increase the use of energy-efficient appliances, electricity consumption for appliances, etc. is still increasing as a result of more devices and more equipment being used. There are still large potentials for energy savings, and there is a need to expand and develop the initiative with regards to apparatus categories and effective interventions. Most appliances have a relatively short lifetime. Significant savings can therefore be achieved quickly if energy-efficient appliances are chosen when old ones are replaced. Such appliances are usually not much more expensive, but can result in significant energy savings and hence economic gains. Well-functioning markets for energy savings and energy-efficient products require easy access to relevant information. Transparency is therefore a keyword in the future energy-conservation drive. Information on energy consumption and on possible savings must be readily accessible to citizens and enterprises. It is also essential that the information initiative is coordinated and that there is consistency between general and more targeted information and campaign activities. At the same time, as part of the on-going energy conservation effort, general information and behaviour modification must be provided on energy conservation, for instance through educational programs for schools, etc. Although the primary objective with price-sensitive electricity consumption is not to achieve electricity savings, it nevertheless contributes to supply security in the short term and to the evening out of peak loads in electricity consumption. An initiative for price-sensitive electricity consumption has aspects in common with an initiative for increased energy efficiency. Intelligent appliances that react to prices will also be more energy efficient. Advanced meters are necessary for price-sensitive electricity consumption, as well as for providing information on the composition of the electricity consumption with a view to energy efficiency. Energy efficiency and price-sensitive electricity consumption should therefore be more closely linked, with respect to both consultancy and to the technological design of meters and appliances. It is essential that the promotion of energy conservation be well-organised and that the funds available be used as efficiently as possible. The point of departure for organising future initiatives is the desire for balanced and yet effective action that pays back in the short term. The target is that enterprises and energy consumers experience that energy saving results in economic gains and a reasonable return on investment that would not otherwise be achieved. The Government considers it essential that the organisation of the energy conservation drive reflect the priorities set for energy saving. The organisation must support the market-oriented strategy and the initiatives described in the action plan. It is important that the funds made available result in the highest possible profitable savings. Conclusion Energy conservation and emission reduction is essential to suitable development and economic development in harmony with the environment. Building the government management mechanism of energy conservation and emission reduction has become an important task of government reforms. Study the retraining factors of energy conservation and emission reduction, and propose legal guarantees, management innovation, technology innovation, service system construction and upgrading of industrial structure are the critical factors to energy conservation and emission reduction management mechanisms performance. Then discuss the critical factors deeply. Improve the special legislation; department law linkage and strengthening law enforcement supervision are essential to providing legal guarantees for energy conservation and emission reduction; comprehensive evaluation system and strict control system are essential to management innovation; policy guide and comprehensive utilization is essential to technology innovation; positive policy guide for development of consultation industry is the main task of energy conservation and emission reduction service system construction; high and new technology industries, elimination of outdated production capacity and development of recycling economy are useful for upgrading of industrial structure. Construction and consummation of energy conservation and emission reduction relevant law could provide measures for government to solve the problem of energy dissipation and environment pollution. The construction and consummation of law related to energy conservation and emission reduction is system engineering. All of the work must be based on the present laws and regulations. Then refine these further. And the refining works must be in connection with the actual need and based on thorough investigation. If necessary, new laws and regulations could come into existence. The construction and consummation must follow in proper sequence, and then could provide a solid legal security foundation. Today, our government have more than twenty law related to environment and resources protection. For example, Law on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, Air Pollution Control Law, Law on the Pretension and Control of Noise Pollution, Law on the Pretension and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, Cleaner Production Promotion Law , Law of Environmental Impact Assessment and so on. But these laws and regulations couldnt meet the need of energy conservation and emission legal security. Although there is an energy conservation and emission reduction legal security framework, there arent special laws and regulations related relevant industry and special type of enterprises energy conservation and emission reduction control. And there arent effective legal means to closely restraint on enterprises disposal of pollutants and energy consumption. So, it is necessary to set some corresponding laws and regulations for special industry and enterprises in aspect of saving energy, recycling eco nomic and pollution prevention. For example, the British has many special laws and regulations, Alkali Act, Industry development Environment Act, Clean Air Amendment, Fume Emission Act, Environmental Protection Act, Water Act, and Water Industry Act and so on. Reinforce the supervision and control measures, then the energy conservation and emission reduction works could carry on effectively and orderly. Determine the responsibility of the establishment units according to the energy conservation and emission reduction plan and tasks. Strictly examine the achievement of there goals. And during the above process, the comprehensive utilizations of resources should be the focus. At last, its useful and essential to collect the suggestions of various establishment units. And optimize the energy conservation and emission reduction management system according to the suggestions and the feedback information of management systems control activities. So the innovation of energy conservation and emission reduction management system would go forward for ever.